objective 9 pt 1 Flashcards
produce female gametes
secrete female sex hormones, estrogens, and progesterone
ovaries (female gonads)
located in pelvic cavity; include ovaries and duct system (uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
internal genitalia
external sex organs (vulva)
external genitalia
held in place by several ligaments; on either side of the uterus
surrounded by fibrous tunica albuginea which is then covered by germinal cuboidal epithelium outer layer
ovary
anchors ovary medially to uterus
ovarian ligament
anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall
suspensory ligament
suspends ovary
mesovarium
what is the blood supply for ovaries?
ovarian arteries and uterine arteries
what are the 2 poorly defined regions of the ovaries?
outer cortex
inner medulla
houses eggs
outer cortex
contains large blood vessels and nerves
inner medulla
within every ovary cortex
tiny saclike structures
contain an oocyte (immature egg)
ovarian follicles
what are ovarian follicles surrounded by?
follicle cells
granulosa cells
if only one cell layer is present
follicle cells
if more than one layer present
granulosa cells
several layers of granulosa cells plus oocyte
more mature follicles
fluid-filled antrum forms; follicle bulges from ovary surface
fully mature follicle
does not have direct contact with ovaries
* Ovulated oocyte is cast into peritoneal cavity,
where some oocytes never make it to tube
system
* Movements of the cilia (frimbriae) and peristalsis
create currents that help move an ovulated
oocyte into uterine tube
uterine tube system
what does the uterine tube system include?
uterine tubes (fallopian)
uterus
vagina
receive ovulated oocyte and are usual site of fertilization
* Each tube ~10 cm (4 in) long and extends from ovary to
uterus
uterine tubes, fallopian tubes, oviducts
what are the regions of the uterine tubes?
isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum
constricted area where tube joins uterus
isthmus
distal end of tube that curves around ovary
ampulla
distal expansion near ovary
infundibulum
hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ
function is to receive, retain, nourish fertilized ovum
uterus
inclined backward
retroverted
inclined forward
anteverted
what are the regions of the uterus?
body
fundus
cervix
cervical canal
major portion
body
rounded superior region
fundus
narrow neck, or outlet; projects into vagina
cervix
communicates with vagina via external os and uterine body via internal os
cervical canal
secrete mucus that blocks sperm entry except during mid-cycle, and blocks bacteria spread from vagina to uterus
cervical glands
what are the supports of the uterus?
mesometrium
cardinal ligaments
uterosacral ligaments
round ligaments
lateral support of broad ligament
mesometrium
from cervix and superior vagina to pelvic lateral walls
cardinal ligaments
secure uterus to sacrum
uterosacral ligaments
bind uterus to anterior wall
round ligaments
what are the 3 layers of the uterine wall?
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
incomplete outermost serous layer
perimetrium
bulky middle layer consisting of interlacing bundles of smooth muscle
contracts rhythmically during birth
myometrium
mucosal lining
fertilized egg burrows into endometrium and resides there during development
endometrium
what are the 2 chief layers of the endometrium?
stratum functionalis
stratum basalis
changes in response to ovarian hormone cycles
shed during menstruation
stratum functionalis (functional layer)
forms new stratum functionalis after menstruation
unresponsive to ovarian hormones
stratum basalis (basal layer)
branch into arcuate arteries in myometrium
arcuate arteries
arcuate arteries branch into ______ in endometrium which branch into….
radial arteries
in basal layer
rebuilds the functional layer
straight arteries
in functional layer
degenerate and regenerate in response to changing hormone levels
spasms cause shedding of functionalis layer during menstruation
spiral arteries
thin-walled tube 8-10 cm in legnth
extends from cervix to body exterior
between bladder and rectum
urethra runs parallel to vagina anteriorly
functions as birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow, and organ of copulation
vagina
what are the 3 layers of the vagina?
fibroelastic adventitia
smoother muscle muscularis
stratified squamous mucosa with rugae/ridges
outer layer
fibroelastic adventitia
inner layer
stratified squamous mucosa with rugae/ridges
has no glands, secretions seep from vaginal walls from cervical mucous glands
vaginal mucosa
ruptures with intercourse
hymen
upper end of vagina surrounding cervix
vaginal fornix
hair-covered, fatty skin folds
counterpart of male scrotum
labia majora
hair-free skin folds lying within labia majora
labia minora
hair-covered, fatty area overlying pubic symphysis
mons pubis
recess within labia minora
vestibule
either side of vaginal opening
similar to bulbo-urethral glands in males
release mucus into vestibule for lubrication during arousal
greater vestibular glands
anterior to vestibule
counterpart of penis, erectile tissue
clitoris
diamond-shaped region between pubic arch and coccyx
bordered by ischial tuberosities laterally
perineum
