objective 10 pt 2

Question 1

study of mechanism of heredity

Answer 1

genetics

Question 2

who was basic principles of genetics proposed by and when?

Answer 2

Mendel in mid 1800s

Question 3

segments of DNA, contain the “recipe” or blueprints, for synthesis of proteins

Answer 3

genes

Question 4

how many chromosomes do cells contain?

Answer 4

46

Question 5

have 23 because these cells replicate but undergo 2 cell divisions

Answer 5

sex cells

Question 6

• Each chromosome assorts itself independently
  during meiosis
• Also during one phase of meiosis, chromosomes
  exchange genes
• So each sperm & each ovum is likely to have a different
  set of 23 chromosomes
• Each child from the same set of parents is very
  likely to be genetically unique

Answer 6

meiosis

Question 7

may be expressed differently among individual offspring
each trait is controlled by 2 sets of similar genes, one from each parent

Answer 7

genetic units

Question 8

alleles are same for single trait

Answer 8

homozygous

Question 9

alleles are different for single trait

Answer 9

heterozygous

Question 10

one allele masks (suppresses) expression of its recessive partner

Answer 10

dominance

Question 11

is donoted by capital letter and recessive by same letter but in lowercase

Answer 11

dominant allele

Question 12

is expressed even if other allele codes for recessive trait

Answer 12

dominant trait

Question 13

expressed only if both alleles are recessive

Answer 13

recessive trait

Question 14

genetic makeup of a person for a trait

Answer 14

genotype

Question 15

physical expression of genotype

Answer 15

phenotype

Question 16

• only one allele is required for the trait to be observed.
• A dominant allele will mask a recessive allele
• A dominant allele is denoted by a capital letter

Answer 16

dominant-recessive inheritance

Question 17

genes that exhibit more than 2 allele forms

Answer 17

multiple allele inheritance

Question 18

• Inherited traits determined by genes on sex
  chromosomes
• X chromosome from mother
• Y chromosome from father
• Female XX
• Male XY

Answer 18

sex-linked inheritance

Question 19

what are the 3 events that each person is genetically unique from?

Answer 19

independent assortment
crossover
random fertilization

Question 20

what are the 2 impt seperations of traits that occur in meiosis 1 of gametogenesis>

Answer 20

segregation
independent assortment

Question 21

two alleles of one particular trait will be
separated and distributed to two different daughter cells

Answer 21

segregation

Question 22

alleles of two different traits on two
different chromosomes are distributed independently of each
other

Answer 22

independent assortment

Question 23

Single egg is fertilized by a single sperm in a
random manner
* Independent assortment and random fertilization
together result in ~72 trillion zygote possibilities
* Egg possibilities  sperm possibilities = 8.5 million  8.5
million = ~72 trillion
* Additional variations introduced by crossover
would increase this number of possibilities
exponentially
* The odds that you are who you are were greater than 1
in >72,000,000,000

Answer 23

random fertilization