objective 3 pt 1

Question 1

transport system consisting of two side-by-side pumps

Answer 1

heart

Question 2

receives oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood from tissues

Answer 2

right side

Question 3

receives oxygenated (oxygen rich) blood from lungs

Answer 3

left side

Question 4

what are the 2 receiving chambers of the heart?

Answer 4

right atrium
left atrium

Question 5

receives blood returning from systemic circuit (body tissues)

Answer 5

right atrium

Question 6

receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit (lungs)

Answer 6

left atrium

Question 7

what are the 2 pumping chambers of the heart?

Answer 7

right ventricle
left ventricle

Question 8

pumps blood through pulmonary circuit (lungs)

Answer 8

right ventricle

Question 9

pumps blood through systemic circuit (body tissues)

Answer 9

left ventricle

Question 10

what is the weight, size and shape of the heart?

Answer 10

about the size of a fist
weighs less than one pound
cone shaped

Question 11

where is the heart located?

Answer 11

within the mediastinum between the 2nd and 5th intercoastal space
on superior surface of diaphragm
two-thirds of heart to left of mid-sternal line
anterior to vertebral column, posterior to sternum

Question 12

flat and broad
referred to as posterior surface
leans toward right shoulder

Answer 12

base of heart

Question 13

points toward left hip

Answer 13

apex

Question 14

palpated between fifth and sixth ribs, just below left nipple

Answer 14

apical pulse

Question 15

what are the 2 layers of the pericardium?

Answer 15

fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium

Question 16

outer layer
protects and anchors heart to surrounding structures, and prevents overfilling

Answer 16

fibrous pericardium

Question 17

inner double layer

Answer 17

serous pericardium

Question 18

what are the 2 layers of the serous pericardium?

Answer 18

parietal layer
visceral layer

Question 19

lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium

Answer 19

parietal layer

Question 20

on external surface of the heart

Answer 20

visceral layer (epicardium)

Question 21

what are the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium separated by?

Answer 21

pericardial cavity

Question 22

what are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

Answer 22

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 23

outermost, visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Answer 23

epicardium

Question 24

middle, muscular layer
reinforced by cardiac skeleton

Answer 24

myocardium

Question 25

crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue anchors muscle fibers supports great vessels and valves limits spread of action potential to specific paths

Answer 25

cardiac skeleton

Question 26

innermost layer it is continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels lines heart chambers and covers cardiac skeleton of valves

Answer 26

endocardium

Question 27

what are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 27

two superior atria two inferior ventricles

Question 28

what are the two septum of the heart?

Answer 28

interatrial septum interventricular septum

Question 29

separates atria into L & R

Answer 29

interatrial septum

Question 30

separates ventricles into L & R

Answer 30

interventricular septum

Question 31

what are the 2 grooves on the surface of the heart?

Answer 31

coronary sulcus anterior interventricular sulcus

Question 32

encircles junction of atria and ventricles like a crown

Answer 32

coronary sulcus

Question 33

marks anterior position of septum separating the ventricles

Answer 33

anterior interventricular sulcus

Question 34

small, thin-walled chambers push blood down into the ventricles contribute little to propulsion of blood

Answer 34

atria: receiving chambers

Question 35

protruding appendages that increase atrial volume

Answer 35

auricles

Question 36

receives deoxygenated (oxygen poor) blood from body

Answer 36

right atrium

Question 37

what are the 3 veins that empty into the right atrium?

Answer 37

superior vena cava inferior vena cava coronary sinus

Question 38

returns blood from body regions above the diaphragm

Answer 38

superior vena cava

Question 39

returns blood from body regions below the diaphragm

Answer 39

inferior vena cava

Question 40

returns blood from myocardium

Answer 40

coronary sinus

Question 41

receives oxygenated (oxygen rich) blood from lungs four pulmonary veins enter here return blood from lungs

Answer 41

left atrium

Question 42

make up most of the volume of heart the actual pumps of the heart Thicker walls than atria When the ventricles contact, they propel blood out of the heart into circulation

Answer 42

ventricles: discharging chambers

Question 43

most of anterior surface Pumps blood into pulmonary trunk

Answer 43

right ventricle

Question 44

posteroinferior surface Pumps blood into aorta

Answer 44

left ventricle

Question 45

irregular ridges of muscle on ventricular walls

Answer 45

trabeculae carneae

Question 46

project into ventricular cavity

Answer 46

papillary muscles

Question 47

what are the 2 major types of valves in the heart?

Answer 47

atrioventricular valves semilunar valves

Question 48

ensures one way blood flow through the heart open and close in response to pressure changes

Answer 48

heart valves

Question 49

located between ventricles and major arteries prevent backflow of blood into ventricles open and close in response to pressure changes each valve consists of three cusps that roughly resemble a half moon there are 2

Answer 49

semilunar valve

Question 50

located between atria and ventricles prevent backflow into the atria there are 2

Answer 50

atrioventricular valve

Question 51

right AV valve made up of three cusps and lies right between right atria and ventricle

Answer 51

tricuspid valve

Question 52

left AV valve made up of two cusps and lies between left atria and ventricle

Answer 52

mitral valve or bicuspid valve

Question 53

located between aorta and left ventricle

Answer 53

aortic valvel

Question 54

located between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Answer 54

pulmonary valve

Question 55

anchor cusps of AV valves to papillary muscles that function to hold valve flaps in closed position prevent flaps from going upward into atria

Answer 55

chordae tendineae

Question 56

what are the 2 semilunar valves?

Answer 56

pulmonary semilunar valve aortic semilunar valve

Question 57

located between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Answer 57

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 58

located between left ventricle and aorta

Answer 58

aortic semilunar valve

Question 59

what is the pathway of blood through the right side of the heart?

Answer 59

Superior vena cava (SVC), inferior vena cava (IVC), and coronary sinus → ◦ Right atrium → ◦ Tricuspid valve → ◦ Right ventricle → ◦ Pulmonary semilunar valve → ◦ Pulmonary trunk → ◦ Pulmonary arteries → ◦ Lungs (picks up oxygen)

Question 60

what is the pathway of blood through the left side of the heart?

Answer 60

Four pulmonary veins → ◦ Left atrium → ◦ Mitral (bicuspid) valve → ◦ Left ventricle → ◦ Aortic semilunar valve → ◦ Aorta → ◦ Systemic circulation = arteries – arterioles- capillaries – venules – veins (IVC/SVC)

Question 61

Blood supply to heart muscle itself ◦ Shortest circulation in body ◦ Delivered when heart is relaxed ◦ Left ventricle receives most of coronary blood supply

Answer 61

coronary circulation

Question 62

Both left and right arise from aorta and supply arterial blood to heart itself ◦ Both encircle heart in coronary sulcus ◦ Arteries contain many junctions ◦ Provide additional routes for blood delivery ◦ Cannot compensate for coronary artery occlusion ◦ Heart receives 1/20th of body’s blood supply

Answer 62

coronary arteries

Question 63

what are the two branches of the left coronary artery?

Answer 63

anterior interventricular artery circumflex artery

Question 64

supplies interventricular septum and anterior ventricle walls

Answer 64

anterior interventricular artery

Question 65

supplies the IT atrium and posterior wall of IT ventricle

Answer 65

circumflex artery

Question 66

what are the 2 branches of the right coronary artery?

Answer 66

right marginal artery posterior interventricular artery

Question 67

serves the myocardium

Answer 67

right marginal artery

Question 68

supplies the posterior ventricular walls

Answer 68

posterior interventricular artery

Question 69

collect blood from capillary beds

Answer 69

cardiac veins

Question 70

empties into right atrium; formed by merging cardiac veins has 3 tributaries

Answer 70

coronary sinus

Question 71

what are the 3 tributaries of the coronary sinus?

Answer 71

great cardiac vein middle cardiac vein small cardiac vein