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A & P > objective 3 pt 1 > Flashcards

objective 3 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

transport system consisting of two side-by-side pumps

A

heart

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2
Q

receives oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood from tissues

A

right side

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3
Q

receives oxygenated (oxygen rich) blood from lungs

A

left side

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4
Q

what are the 2 receiving chambers of the heart?

A

right atrium
left atrium

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5
Q

receives blood returning from systemic circuit (body tissues)

A

right atrium

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6
Q

receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit (lungs)

A

left atrium

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7
Q

what are the 2 pumping chambers of the heart?

A

right ventricle
left ventricle

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8
Q

pumps blood through pulmonary circuit (lungs)

A

right ventricle

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9
Q

pumps blood through systemic circuit (body tissues)

A

left ventricle

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10
Q

what is the weight, size and shape of the heart?

A

about the size of a fist
weighs less than one pound
cone shaped

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11
Q

where is the heart located?

A

within the mediastinum between the 2nd and 5th intercoastal space
on superior surface of diaphragm
two-thirds of heart to left of mid-sternal line
anterior to vertebral column, posterior to sternum

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12
Q

flat and broad
referred to as posterior surface
leans toward right shoulder

A

base of heart

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13
Q

points toward left hip

A

apex

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14
Q

palpated between fifth and sixth ribs, just below left nipple

A

apical pulse

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15
Q

what are the 2 layers of the pericardium?

A

fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium

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16
Q

outer layer
protects and anchors heart to surrounding structures, and prevents overfilling

A

fibrous pericardium

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17
Q

inner double layer

A

serous pericardium

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18
Q

what are the 2 layers of the serous pericardium?

A

parietal layer
visceral layer

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19
Q

lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium

A

parietal layer

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20
Q

on external surface of the heart

A

visceral layer (epicardium)

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21
Q

what are the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium separated by?

A

pericardial cavity

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22
Q

what are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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23
Q

outermost, visceral layer of the serous pericardium

A

epicardium

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24
Q

middle, muscular layer
reinforced by cardiac skeleton

A

myocardium

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25
Q

crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue
anchors muscle fibers
supports great vessels and valves
limits spread of action potential to specific paths

A

cardiac skeleton

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26
Q

innermost layer
it is continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels
lines heart chambers and covers cardiac skeleton of valves

A

endocardium

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27
Q

what are the four chambers of the heart?

A

two superior atria
two inferior ventricles

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28
Q

what are the two septum of the heart?

A

interatrial septum
interventricular septum

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29
Q

separates atria into L & R

A

interatrial septum

30
Q

separates ventricles into L & R

A

interventricular septum

31
Q

what are the 2 grooves on the surface of the heart?

A

coronary sulcus
anterior interventricular sulcus

32
Q

encircles junction of atria and ventricles like a crown

A

coronary sulcus

33
Q

marks anterior position of septum separating the ventricles

A

anterior interventricular sulcus

34
Q

small, thin-walled chambers
push blood down into the ventricles
contribute little to propulsion of blood

A

atria: receiving chambers

35
Q

protruding appendages that increase atrial volume

A

auricles

36
Q

receives deoxygenated (oxygen poor) blood from body

A

right atrium

37
Q

what are the 3 veins that empty into the right atrium?

A

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

38
Q

returns blood from body regions above the diaphragm

A

superior vena cava

39
Q

returns blood from body regions below the diaphragm

A

inferior vena cava

40
Q

returns blood from myocardium

A

coronary sinus

41
Q

receives oxygenated (oxygen rich) blood from lungs
four pulmonary veins enter here
return blood from lungs

A

left atrium

42
Q

make up most of the volume of heart
the actual pumps of the heart
Thicker walls than atria
When the ventricles contact, they propel
blood out of the heart into circulation

A

ventricles: discharging chambers

43
Q

most of anterior surface
Pumps blood into pulmonary trunk

A

right ventricle

44
Q

posteroinferior surface
Pumps blood into aorta

A

left ventricle

45
Q

irregular ridges of muscle on ventricular walls

A

trabeculae carneae

46
Q

project into ventricular cavity

A

papillary muscles

47
Q

what are the 2 major types of valves in the heart?

A

atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

48
Q

ensures one way blood flow through the heart
open and close in response to pressure changes

A

heart valves

49
Q

located between ventricles and major arteries
prevent backflow of blood into ventricles
open and close in response to pressure changes
each valve consists of three cusps that roughly resemble a half moon
there are 2

A

semilunar valve

50
Q

located between atria and ventricles
prevent backflow into the atria
there are 2

A

atrioventricular valve

51
Q

right AV valve
made up of three cusps and lies right between right atria and ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

52
Q

left AV valve
made up of two cusps and lies between left atria and ventricle

A

mitral valve or bicuspid valve

53
Q

located between aorta and left ventricle

A

aortic valvel

54
Q

located between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary valve

55
Q

anchor cusps of AV valves to papillary muscles that function to
hold valve flaps in closed position
prevent flaps from going upward into atria

A

chordae tendineae

56
Q

what are the 2 semilunar valves?

A

pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve

57
Q

located between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

58
Q

located between left ventricle and aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

59
Q

what is the pathway of blood through the right side of the heart?

A

Superior vena cava (SVC),
inferior vena cava (IVC), and
coronary sinus →
◦ Right atrium →
◦ Tricuspid valve →
◦ Right ventricle →
◦ Pulmonary semilunar valve →
◦ Pulmonary trunk →
◦ Pulmonary arteries →
◦ Lungs (picks up oxygen)

60
Q

what is the pathway of blood through the left side of the heart?

A

Four pulmonary veins →
◦ Left atrium →
◦ Mitral (bicuspid) valve →
◦ Left ventricle →
◦ Aortic semilunar valve →
◦ Aorta →
◦ Systemic circulation = arteries –
arterioles- capillaries – venules –
veins (IVC/SVC)

61
Q

Blood supply to heart muscle itself
◦ Shortest circulation in body
◦ Delivered when heart is relaxed
◦ Left ventricle receives most of coronary
blood supply

A

coronary circulation

62
Q

Both left and right arise from aorta and supply
arterial blood to heart itself
◦ Both encircle heart in coronary sulcus
◦ Arteries contain many junctions
◦ Provide additional routes for blood delivery
◦ Cannot compensate for coronary artery occlusion
◦ Heart receives 1/20th of body’s blood supply

A

coronary arteries

63
Q

what are the two branches of the left coronary artery?

A

anterior interventricular artery
circumflex artery

64
Q

supplies interventricular septum and anterior ventricle walls

A

anterior interventricular artery

65
Q

supplies the IT atrium and posterior wall of IT ventricle

A

circumflex artery

66
Q

what are the 2 branches of the right coronary artery?

A

right marginal artery
posterior interventricular artery

67
Q

serves the myocardium

A

right marginal artery

68
Q

supplies the posterior ventricular walls

A

posterior interventricular artery

69
Q

collect blood from capillary beds

A

cardiac veins

70
Q

empties into right atrium; formed by merging cardiac veins
has 3 tributaries

A

coronary sinus

71
Q

what are the 3 tributaries of the coronary sinus?

A

great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein

A & P (21 decks)

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