objective 8 pt 1 Flashcards
what are the primary sex organs?
testes and ovaries
produce gametes
secrete steroid sex hormones
primary sex organs
what are the gametes that primary sex organs produce?
sperm and ova
what are the hormones that primary sex organs produce?
androgens
estrogens and progesterone
what are the accessory reproductive organs?
ducts, glands, and external genitalia
sperm-producing male gonads that lie within the scrotum
testes
delivered through the body through system of ducts
sperm
what are the ducts that sperm is delievered through the body>
epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
what are the accessory sex glands?
seminal glands, prostate, and bulbo-urethral glands
sac of skin and superficial fascia
hangs outside abdominopelvic cavity
contains paired oval testes
scrotum
smooth muscle; wrinkles scrotal skin; pulls scrotum close to body when cold; allows scrotum to hang lower when hot
dartos muscle
bands of skeletal muscle that elevate testes
cremaster muscles
what are the 2 tunics that the testis is surrounded by?
tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
outer layer derived from peritoneoum
tunica vaginalis
extends inward, fibrous capsule of the testis
tunica albuginea
extend inward from tunica albuginea divide testis into 250 lobules, each containing one to 4 coiled seminiferous tubules
septa
have thick, stratified epithelium surrounding fluid-containing lumen
seminiferous tubules
contains spheroid spermatogenic cells embedded in support cells called sustentocytes
epithelium
surround each seminiferous tubule
smooth-muscle like cells that may squeez sperm and testicular fluids out of testes
myoid cells
is made up of the head, body and the tail
site of sperm storage until ejaculation
epididymis
located in soft tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules
produce androgens, such as testosterone
secrete it into interstitial fluid
interstitial endocrine cells
encloses nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics supply testes
spermatic cord
arise from abdominal aorta
testicular arteries
arise from pampiniform venous plexus surrounding each testicular artery
testicular veins
what are the ducts that carry sperm from testes to exterior of body?
epididymis
ductus deferens
ejaculatory duct
urethra
contains efferent ductules and is located on superior aspect of testis
located on posterolateral area of testis
head
is ~6m in legnth; makes up most of the epididymis
duct of the epididymis
absorb testicular fluid and pass nutrients to stored sperm
microvilli
~45 cm long
passes through inguinal canal to pelvic cavity
extends from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
ductus deferens
cutting and ligating ductus deferens
vasectomy
expels both urine and semen
extends from bladder to tip of penis
urethra
what are the 3 regions of the urethra
prostatic urethra
intermediate part of the urethra (membranous)
spongy urethra
surrounded by prostate
prostatic urethra
in urogenital diaphragm
intermediate part of the urethra (membraneous)
runs through penis; opens at external urethral orifice
spongy urethra
male copulatory organ
made up of spongy urethra and 3 cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue
penis
scrotum and penis
external genitalia
surgical removal of foreskin
circumcision
what does the penis consist of?
root and shift/body
prepuce/foreskin
anchors penis to pubic arch
crura
surrounds urethra and expands to form glans and bulb
corpus spongiosum
paired (2) dorsal erectile bodies, proximal ends from the crura
corpora cavernosa
erectile tissue fills with blood, causing penis to enlarge and become rigid
erection
a pair of glands on posterior bladder surface
contains smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation
produces viscous alkaline seminal fluid
seminal glands (vesicles)
diamond-shaped region between pubic symphysis, coccyx, and ischial tuberosities
suspends scrotum
contains root of penis and anus
male perineum
encircles urethra inferior to bladder
size of peach put
consist of smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation
secretes milky slightly acid fluid
prostate
pea-sized glands inferior to prostate
produce thick, clear mucus during sexual arousal
lubricate glans penis
neutralize traces of acidic urine in urethra
bulbo-urethral glands
milky-white mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
contains fructose from seminal glans and activating fluid from prostate, and mucus from buldo-urethral glands
alkaline fluid neutralizes acidity of male urethra and female vagina and enhances motility
semen
what are the characteristics of semen?
- Contain prostaglandins that decrease viscosity of
mucus in cervix and stimulate reverse peristalsis in
uterus - Contains the hormone relaxin and other enzymes that
enhance sperm motility - Contains ATP for energy
- Can suppress female immune response
- Antibiotic chemicals destroy some bacteria
- Clotting factors coagulate semen initially to prevent
draining out, then liquefy it by fibrinolysin so sperm
can finish journey
enlargement and stiffening of penis
erection
are normally constricted when not sexually aroused; penis is flaccid
arterioles
causes CNA activation of parasympathetic neurons, which released NO
sexual excitement
expulsion of semen from male duct system
sympathetic spinal reflex
ejaculation
how many chromosomes do most body cells have
26, 2 sets of s3
one, maternal, one paternal
homologous chromosomes
two sets of 23 pairs
diploid chromosomal number (2n)
have only 23 chromosomes
haploid chromosomal number (n)
