Nutrition Park

Question 1

major source of energy in humans

Answer 1

carbohydrates

Question 2

monosaccharides

Answer 2

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 3

disaccharides

Answer 3

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 4

glucose is also known as

Answer 4

dextrose

Question 5

enzyme that breaks down starch

Answer 5

alpha amylase

Question 6

what does maltase do

Answer 6

breaks maltose into glucose

Question 7

what does sucrase do

Answer 7

breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose

Question 8

what does lactase do

Answer 8

breaks lactose into glucose and galactose

Question 9

only ____ are absorbed in the body

Answer 9

monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)

Question 10

indigestible carbohydrates are converted to monosaccharides by

Answer 10

bacterial enzymes

Question 11

oligosaccharide in legumes that can’t be hydrolyzed by human enzymes

Answer 11

raffinose

Question 12

glycemic index ranking

Answer 12

glucose, potato, bread, ice cream, beans

Question 13

what is more than 90% of dietary fat

Answer 13

triacylglycerol

Question 14

essential fatty acids are used for what

Answer 14

synthesize eicosanoids in the body

Question 15

higher ratio of omega 3 to omega 6 is ___ for the body

Answer 15

good

Question 16

what delivers lipid to peripheral tissue directly

Answer 16

chylomicron

Question 17

what if essential amino acids aren’t in diet?

Answer 17

negative nitrogen balance

Question 18

only ___ amino acids are released to blood

Answer 18

free

Question 19

energy content in macros

Answer 19

carbs: 4 kcal/g
protein: 4kcal/g
fat: 9 kcal/g
alcohol: 7 kcal/g

Question 20

what is released in the well fed state?

Answer 20

insulin

Question 21

what happens in well fed state

Answer 21

glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, amino acid catabolism, fatty acid synthesis, no gluconeogenesis (NO CORI CYCLE)

Question 22

what happens in early fasting state

Answer 22

glucagon release, glycogen breakdown, gluconeogenesis (cori and alanine cycle), NO catabolism of amino acids

Question 23

what happens in fasting state

Answer 23

glucagon release, gluconeogenesis, PROTEIN used as major carbon and nitrogen source (alanine and glutamine), LIPOLYSIS in adipose tissue, fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis

Question 24

if glucose is less than ____

Answer 24

1.5mM or 27 blood glucose, coma and death

Question 25

how does brain adapt to starvation

Answer 25

ketone bodies made from acetyl coa in the liver

Question 26

Marasmus

Answer 26

not enough protein and energy, thin and small

Question 27

Kwahiorkor

Answer 27

not enough protein but enough energy, plump and edema

Question 28

RDA

Answer 28

recommended dietary allowance, two standard deviations above EAR, sufficient to meet need of nearly all healthy individuals in a group

Question 29

EAR

Answer 29

estimated average requirement, amount needed to meet 50% of the healthy individuals in an age and gender group

Question 30

AI

Answer 30

adequate intake, when we can’t set an EAR, appox of average nutrient intake by healthy population

Question 31

UL

Answer 31

tolerable upper intake levels, maximum level of daily intake without health risk

Question 32

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 32

A, D, E, K

Question 33

water soluble vitamins

Answer 33

B, C

Question 34

macrominerals

Answer 34

calcium and magnesium

Question 35

trace minerals

Answer 35

iron, iodine, zinc, copper, selenium