ANS Overview

Question 1

primary neurotransmitter of preganglionic neurons

Answer 1

ACh

Question 2

neurotransmitter of postganglionic PSNS

Answer 2

ACh

Question 3

neurotransmitter of postganglionic SNS

Answer 3

norepinephrine

Question 4

preganglionic PSNS neurons length

Answer 4

long

Question 5

postganglionic PSNS neurons length

Answer 5

short

Question 6

preganglionic SNS neurons length

Answer 6

short

Question 7

postganglionic SNS neurons lenth

Answer 7

long

Question 8

sweat glands exception

Answer 8

SNS post ganglionic neurons release NE with sweaty palms, normally is thermoregulation in PSNS and release ACh

Question 9

adrenal glands exception

Answer 9

preganglionic do not synapse in paravertebral, release epinephrine instead of norepinephrine

Question 10

kidneys exception

Answer 10

affected by dopamine

Question 11

most postganglionic sympathetic neurons release which neurotransmitter?

Answer 11

norepinephrine

Question 12

classes of cholinoceptors and respective neurotransmitter (s)

Answer 12

muscarinic and nicotinic, acetylcholine

Question 13

classes of adrenoceptors and respective neurotransmitter (s)

Answer 13

alpha and beta, norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 14

nicotinic receptors

Answer 14

ganglionic, skeletal muscle, neuronal CNS

Question 15

nicotinic signal transduction pathway

Answer 15

Na+ ion channels

Question 16

M1 signal transduction pathway

Answer 16

Gq, increase PLC, second messengers DAG and IP3, increase intracellular Ca levels

Question 17

M2 signal transduction pathway

Answer 17

Gi, inhibit AC, second messenger cAMP

Question 18

alpha 1 signal transduction pathway

Answer 18

Gq, stimulate PLC, second messengers DAG and IP3, increase intracellular Ca levels

Question 19

alpha 2 signal transduction pathway

Answer 19

Gi, inhibit adenyl cyclase, second messenger cAMP

Question 20

beta 1-3 signal transduction pathway

Answer 20

Gs, stimulate adenyl cyclase, second messenger cAMP

Question 21

who proposed the tale of two transmitters

Answer 21

Sir Henry Dale

Question 22

which sites are predominantly sympathetic?

Answer 22

arterioles, veins, sweat glands

Question 23

muscle on inner part of eye

Answer 23

circular muscle

Question 24

muscle on outer part of eye

Answer 24

radial muscle

Question 25

pupillary constriction: muscle, mechanism, system, receptor

Answer 25

circular muscle, constriction, PSNS, M3

Question 26

pupillary dilation: muscle, mechanism, system, receptor

Answer 26

radial muscle, constriction, SNS, alpha 1

Question 27

what is glaucoma?

Answer 27

increased ocular pressure in the eye, specifically increased secretion of aqueous humor, decreased outflow of aqueous humor

Question 28

ciliary muscle glaucoma treatment

Answer 28

M3 agonist pilocarpine, outflow of aqueous humor

Question 29

ciliary body glaucoma treatment

Answer 29

alpha 2 agonist brimonidine, inhibit production and increase outflow aqueous humor

Question 30

ciliary epithelium glaucoma treatment

Answer 30

beta antagonist timolol, inhibit production aqueous humor