Nutrition in Pregnancy Flashcards
why does obesity impact on fertility?
impairs endometrial development and implantation
what risks are present in an obese woman’s pregnancy?
miscarriage
gestational diabetes
pre-eclampsia
why are babies at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes when they are malnourished as a foetus?
downregulation of metabolic adaptation
insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance
foetus unable to retain energy
when in an energy abundant environment their risk increases
what food should women eat before during and after pregnancy to maintain a healthy weight?
meals based on starchy foods
fibre rich foods
5 a day
low fat and sugar
lack of folic acid causes what problems to the foetus?
neural tube defects
how many more calories should you eat if you are pregnant?
300 calories
when is folic acid given and at what dose?
400mcg preconceptually and 1st trimester
when is vitamin d given and at what dose?
10mcg through pregnancy and continued if breastfeeding
who should take a higher dose of folic acid and what dose?
5mg; obese women, diabetics, historyof neural tube defects, on antiepileptics
maternal risks of vitamin d deficiency
osteomalacia pre-eclampsia gestational diabetes caesarean section bacterial vaginosis
who is most at risk of vitamin d deficiency?
middle eastern women (tend to cover up their skin)
what pregnant mothers are most at risk of iron deficiency?
young age at 1st pregnancy
repeated pregnancy
multiple pregnancies
management of iron deficiency in women of childbearing age?
optimise age of 1st pregnancy eg contraception
interpregnancy intervals increased
improve diet
iron supplements
what vitamin is, at high doses, teratogenic?
A
who qualifies for the healthy start scheme?
pregnant women:
on benefits
under age 18
what vitamin supplements are given in the healthy start scheme?
70mg vitamin C
10 mcg vitamin d
400mcg folic acid
what foods should be avoided in pregnancy?
soft cheese undercooked meat, cured meats, game tne raw/partially cooked eggs pate liver vitamin and fish oil supplements
how many more calories can you eat if youre breastfeeding and for how long?
640cal
6 months
main Tx for GDM?
diet changes
what should your fruit and veg intake be like in GDM?
5 a day but more veg than fruit
what weight of carbs should be eaten in GDM per meal
30-50g per meal
sugar should be lower than __g per 100g in food you buy
25.5
why does exercise help in GDM?
increased glucose utilised for energy
insulin used more efficiently
