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3 Reproduction and Sexual Health > Embryology of the Reproductive System > Flashcards

Embryology of the Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

what process has to occur for the definitive endoderm and mesoderm to form?

A

invagination of the epiblast cells through the primitive streak

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2
Q

describe the 3 main groups of the mesoderm?

A

paraxial
intermediate
lateral plate

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3
Q

the ____ section of the embryo undergoes cranial folding

A

sagittal

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4
Q

the __ section of the embryo undergoes lateral folding

A

axial

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5
Q

the urogenital system arises from what layer?

A

INTERMEDIATE mesoderm

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6
Q

what is the cloaca?

A

posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts

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7
Q

what cells within the yolk sac migrates to the intermediate mesoderm?

A

primordial germ cells

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8
Q

what forms genital ridges?

A

coelomic epithelium

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9
Q

what structure forms somatic support cells for somatic support cells around primordial germ cells?

A

proliferating epithelium

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10
Q

embryological form of wolffian ducts?

A

mesonephric

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11
Q

embryological form of mullerian ducts?

A

paramesonephric

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12
Q

the genital ducts connect to the ___ wall of the ____ sinus

A

posterior

urogenital

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13
Q

sexual differentiation occurs from week _ onwards

A

7

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14
Q

male development is triggered by the presence of…

A

SRY (Sex determining region of Y) transcription factor

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15
Q

what do somatic support cells eventually form in males?

A

sertoli cells

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16
Q

what connects the mesonephric tubules to the testis cords

A

rete testis

17
Q

what degenerates the paramesonephric duct in males and how?

A

sertoli cells secrete anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)

18
Q

what stimulates the production of leydig cells?

A

sertoli cells acting upon gonadal ridge cells

19
Q

testosterone induces formation of..

A

epididymis
vas deferens
seminal vesicles

20
Q

dihydrotestosterone induces formation of…

A

induces male specific ext genitalia development and prostate

21
Q

presentation of persistent mullerian duct syndrome

A

uterus, vagina and uterine tubes with male ext genitalia

testes in ovarian location

22
Q

what vertebral level do testes originate at

A

T10

23
Q

what structure pulls testes caudally?

A

gubernaculum

24
Q

what is cryptorchidism?

A

failure of 1 or more testis to descend

25
Q

name the 3 male accessory glands

A

prostate
bulbourethral gland
seminal vesicle

26
Q

what triggers female development?

A

the ABSENCE of SRY transcription factor

27
Q

somatic support cells differentiate into what in females?

A

granulosa cells

28
Q

what do granulosa cells do?

A

surround primary oocyte to form primordial follicles in the ovary

29
Q

what cells stimulate oestrogen and external genitalia formation?

A

thecal cells (basically female leydig cells)

30
Q

mullerian/paramesonephric ducts give rise to…

A

uterine tubes
uterus
SUPERIOR vagina

31
Q

what portion of the mullerian duct opens up into the coelomic cavity?

A

cranial

32
Q

what portion of the mullerian duct crosses the mesonephric duct?

A

horizontal

33
Q

describe the relationship between the caudal portion of the mullerian duct and the mullerian duct on the other side?

A

they fuse

34
Q

what is the uterovaginal canal? what does it form?

A

fused caudal portion of both mullerian ducts

forms uterus and superior vagina

35
Q

what part of the male external genitalia is not formed by the intermediate mesoderm?

A

foreskin (ectoderm)

external urethral orifice

36
Q

what is hypospadias?

A

external urethral orifice lies in an abnormal position on the ventral aspect of the penis

37
Q

what structure eventually differentiates to become the clitoris?

A

genital tubercle

3 Reproduction and Sexual Health (51 decks)

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