Breast Pathology 1 Flashcards
what kind of imaging is done for breast pathology?
mammography
USS
MRI
what kind of pathology is done for breast pathology?
cyto
histo
what methods are done for obtaining a sample for breast cytopathology?
FNA
fluid
nipple discharge
nipple scrape
1st line sampling for cytopathology?
FNA
C5 is more serious than C1 in breast cytology T or F
T
name developmental breast anomalies
hypoplasia
juvenile hypertrophy
accessory breast tissue
accessory nipple
inflammatory causes of benign breats disease?
fat necrosis
duct ectasia
acute mastitis/abscess
causes of gynaecomastia?
exogenous/endogenous hormones
cannabis
prescription drugs
liver disease
who gets fibrocystic change?
women in their 40s-50s who have had menstrual problems eg early menarche/late menopause
is fibrocystic change common?
yes
describe the feeling of a fibroadenoma?
firm not hard
fibrocystic changes often resolve or diminish when?
after menopause
presentation of fibrocystic change?
smooth discrete lumps
sudden, cyclical pain
lumpiness
main appearance of fibrocystic changes on pathology
CYSTS - multiple with pale fluid
what do the cysts look like in fibrocystic change?
blue domed with pale fluid
the cysts in fibrocystic changed are lined by ___ epithelium
apocrine
Tx fibrocystic change
exclude malignancy
reassure
excise ONLY if necessary
what is a hamartoma?
cell types are normal to breast but in an abnormal proportion or distribution; well circumscribed
presentation of scleroising lesions
irregular mass
fibroadenomas tend to be solitary/multiple
solitary
what benign breast pathology is common in african women?
fibroadenoma
fibroadenoma incidence peaks at what age?
30s
presentation of fibroadenomas?
painless, firm, discrete, MOBILE mass
fibroadenomas appear solid/fluid on USS
solid
“breast mouse”
fibroadenoma
gross appearance of a fibroadenoma on pathology?
cirumscribed, rubbery, grey/white tumour
Tx fibroadenomas
diagnose
reassure
excise
name the 2 kinds of sclerosing lesion
sclerosing adenosis
radial scar/compel scelrosing lesion
describe the pathology of sclerosing lesions
benign disorderly proliferation of acini and stroma which can cause a mass/calcification
presentation of sclerosing adenosis?
pain/tenderness or lumpiness/thickening which can be asymptomatic
age range for sclerosing adenosis
20-70
radial scars are common T or F
T
radial scars tend to be asymptomatic T or F
T, found on screening
Tx radial scar
excise or sample extensively by vacuum biopsy
histological appearance of radial scar
fibroelastic core
fibrocystic change
epithelial proliferation
causes of fat necrosis?
trauma eg seatbelt injury
warfarin therapy
pathology behind fat necrosis
damage to adipocytes causes inflam infiltration -> scarring
“foamy macrophages”
fat necrosis
Tx fat necrosis
confirm diagnosis
exclude malignancy
presentation of duct ectasia
pain acute episodic inflam changes bloody/purulent dischage fistulation nipple retraction and distortion
what ducts are affected in duct ectasia
subareolar ducts
what benign breast condition is associated with smoking
duct ectasia
pathology behind duct ectasia
subareolar duct dilatation
periductal inflam and fibrosis
scarring
Tx duct ectasia
treat acute infections
exclude malignancy
stop smoking
excise ducts
main bacteria causes of mastitis in lactation?
staph aureus
strep pyogenes
main bacterial causes of DE?
anaerobes
a mix
Tx mastitis/abscess
antibiotics
percutaneous drainage
incision and drainage
phyllodes tumour presentation
slow growing unilateral breast mass in 40-50 y old
phyllodes tumours often metastasise T or F
F
age range for intraduct papilloma
35-60
presentation of intraduct papilloma
asymptomatic
nipple discharge +/- blood
nodules
an intraduct papilloma affects…
subareolar ducts
