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3 Reproduction and Sexual Health > HIV: Treatment and Care > Flashcards

HIV: Treatment and Care Flashcards

1
Q

HIV patients need to have a threshold under __ to be offered treatment

A

NO THRESHOLD ANYMORE

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2
Q

what preventative measures are taken in a new HIV patient?

A

vaccines eg hep b
prevention of transmission
partner notification
OI prophylaxis

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3
Q

what HIV subtype is common in subsaharan africa?

A

c

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4
Q

what HIV subtype is common in the western world?

A

b

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5
Q

what HIV subtype is common in thailand?

A

recombinant forms

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6
Q

what serology is done in HIV infection staging?

A

hep b and c

syphilis

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7
Q

what enzyme is used by viral RNA to replicate itself and turn into DNA?

A

reverse transcriptase

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8
Q

what enzyme is used by the HIV DNA to enter the host’s DNA?

A

integrase

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9
Q

what does protease do?

A

cleaves HIV DNA into smaller virions

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10
Q

what kind of drugs target reverse transcriptase to treat HIV

A

nucleoside analogues

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11
Q

gold standard anti-retroviral drug?

A

integrase

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12
Q

name targets for antiretroviral therapy?

A

reverse transcriptase
integrase
protease
CCR5 receptor

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13
Q

what is HAART?

A

highly active anti-retroviral therapy

- a combo of 3 drugs from at least 2 classes to which the virus is susceptible

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14
Q

name the 3 drugs that can be put in a single tablet in HAART?

A

tenofovir
emitricitabine
efavirenz

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15
Q

why can a virus become resistant

A

its reverse transcriptase enzyme cant proof read so it can come up with sequences that may become resistant

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16
Q

what factors impact on someones adherence to a drug?

A

lifestyle- night shift work etc
tolerability - sick? diarrhoea?
pharmacokinetics
drug-drug interactions

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17
Q

is it better to just stop a drug or take it sometimes?

A

stop

18
Q

what drug is good for minimising resistance?

A

protease inhibitor

19
Q

what drugs cause GI side effects?

A

protease inhibitors

20
Q

skin side effects of HAART?

A

rash
hypersensitivity
steven-johnsons

21
Q

what is seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

oedematous reaction to a fungal infection

22
Q

how does HAART affect the renal system?

A

causes proximal renal tubulopathies

23
Q

when can protease inhibitors’ side effects be beneficial?

A

methadone users - constipation

if they have existing constipation

24
Q

most HIV drugs have what MoA?

A

potent liver enzyme inhibitors or inducers

25
Q

what should be used to assess drug-drug interactions?

A

www.HIV-druginteractions.org

26
Q

Tx of hep B in someone with HIV?

A

same as HIV

27
Q

what vaccines are given to HIV patients?

A

hep a/b
flu
pneumococcal
HPV

28
Q

do HIV patients have to tell their partner that they have HIV?

A

no

29
Q

how is sexual transmission presented?

A

condom use
STI screening and treatment
post and pre exposure prophylaxis

30
Q

risk of transmission of HIV if someone has undetectable HIV?

A

0

31
Q

give an example of seroadaptive behaviours to prevent HIV transmission

A

less likely to transmit HIV if anoreceptive

less likely to transmit if oral sex is performed (BUT TEST FOR STIS)

32
Q

HIV can be transmitted through casual/household contact T or F

A

F

33
Q

what should household items should not be shared in HIV?

A

toothbrush - bleeding gums

razors

34
Q

how can you prevent HIV transmission to a foetus?

A

treatment as prevention (until they are undetectable) + timed condomless sex

35
Q

if the partner is still uncertain about their child having HIV even though their partner is on preventative therapy, what can you do?

A

give the partner preventative therapy too

36
Q

how is mother to child transmission prevented? how is the baby delivered?

A

HAART during pregnancy

SVD if undetectable, CS if detectable

37
Q

what preventative treatment is given to babies of an detectable HIV +ve mum?

A

baby is given 3 drugs as PEP for 4 weeks

38
Q

what preventative treatment is given to babies of an undetectable HIV +ve mum?

A

baby is given 1 drug as PEP for 1 week

39
Q

babies can/cant receive breast milk from an HIV +ve mother

A

cant; give formula feeding only

40
Q

what is PrEP?

A

pre-exposure prophylaxis

41
Q

eligibility for prep?

A
  1. over 16
  2. HIV -ve
  3. commits to 3/12 follow up
42
Q

who is high risk for HIV?

A

HIV+ partner
MSM or trans woman
UPAI in last year
confirmed bacterial rectal STI in past yr

3 Reproduction and Sexual Health (51 decks)

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