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3 Reproduction and Sexual Health > HIV: Presentation > Flashcards

HIV: Presentation Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of life expectancy do those with HIV have?

A

near normal

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2
Q

target site for HIV?

A

CD4+

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3
Q

CD4 is found on what kinds of cells

A

CD4+ cells (these contain the receptors)
dendritic cells
macrophages
microglial cells

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4
Q

what do TH cells do?

A

recognise MHC class 2 cells
activate B and cytotoxic T cells
cytokine release

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5
Q

what does HIV do to CD4+ cells?

A

reduces circulating CD4+ cells
reduces proliferation
reduces cytokine release
reduces CD8+ cell activation

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6
Q

normal number of TH cells per mm cubed?

A

500-1600

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7
Q

what TH cell level puts you at risk of opportunistic infections?

A

<200

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8
Q

average time to death without treatment?

A

9-11 years

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9
Q

what happens at initial infection with the virus?

A

infects mucosal CD4 cells
transported to lymph nodes
dissemination of virus within 3 days

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10
Q

patients with primary HIV infection tend to be aysmptomatic T or F

A

F, present with symptoms

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11
Q

when do symptoms begin afterf infection?

A

2-4 weeks

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12
Q

how do patients with primary HIV infection present?

A 
fever
rash
myalgia
pharngitis
headache
aseptic meningitis
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13
Q

what kinds of meningitis do HIV patients get

A

aseptic

cryptococcal

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14
Q

after how long after contraction of the infection do HIV patients become asymptomatic?

A

3 months

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15
Q

presentation of pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

insidious onset
SOB
DRY cough
“exercise desaturation”

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16
Q

Ix of pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

CXR
bronchoalveolar lavage
immunofluorescence
(PCR)

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17
Q

signs on CXR of pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

interstitial infiltrates

reticulonodular markings

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18
Q

Tx of pneumocystis

A

high dose co-trimoxazole
(steroid)
low dose co-trimoxazole prophylactically

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19
Q

what kinds of TB are more common in HIV +ve individuals?

A

miliary
extrapulmonary
drug-resistant

20
Q

CD4 levels are lower in CMV or cerebral toxoplasmosis?

A

CMV (<50)

21
Q

name the 3 causes of CMV

A

the “itis”es
retinitis
colitis
oesophagitis

22
Q

presentation of CMV?

A 
reduced visual acuity
floaters 
abdo pain
diarrhoea
PR bleeding
23
Q

presentation of cerebral toxoplasmosis?

A 
headache
fever
focal neurology
seizures
reduced consciousness
raised ICP
24
Q

main pathology in cerebral toxoplasmosis

A

toxoplasma gondii infection causing multiple cerebral abscesses

25
Q

HIV patient presenting with reduced short term memory and motor dysfunction….

A

HIV associated neurocognitive impairment

26
Q

how does progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy present?

A

rapidly progressing focal neurological impairment
confusion
personality change

27
Q

what infectious neuropathy can HIV patients present with?

A

GBS

28
Q

name an AIDS related cancer

A

kaposi’s sarcoma

non-hodgkins

29
Q

what organism cause kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

human herpes virus 8

30
Q

pathology of kaposis sarcoma?

A

vascular tumour

31
Q

Tx of kaposis sarcoma?

A

HAART
local therapies
systemic chemo

32
Q

what kind of lymphoma is AIDS related?

A

non-hodgkins lymphoma

33
Q

pathological organism in non-hodgkins lymphoma?

A

EBV

34
Q

presentation of non-hodgkins lymphoma

A

b symptoms
bone marrow involvement
extranodal disease
increased CNS involvement

35
Q

how should HIV patients be investigated and diagnosed in NHL?

A

as a HIV -ve patient would

Tx: add HAART to other Tx

36
Q

what are b symptoms?

A

fever
night sweats
weight loss
(present in lymphomas)

37
Q

skin symptoms of HIV

A

seborrhoeic dermatitis
psoriasis
skin infections eg HPV/HSV/HZV

38
Q

what is seen on haematology in HIV?

A 
PERISISTENT:
thrombocytopania
neutropaenia
leucopenia
anaemia of chronic disease (unexplained)
39
Q

what factors increase transmission risk?

A

anoreceptive sex
trauma
genital ulceratiom
concurrent STI

40
Q

most common mode of transmission of HIV

A

sexual

41
Q

risk of transmitting HIV to child?

A

1 in 4

42
Q

who are the most at-risk group for HIV?

A

MSM

43
Q

what group are most likely to present late/be undiagnosed?

A

heterosexual men

44
Q

high prevalence countries with HIV?

A

sub-saharan africa
caribbean
thailand

45
Q

what is the viral marker used to detect HIV infection?

A

p24 capsule protein

3 Reproduction and Sexual Health (51 decks)

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