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Nutrition > Nutrition Final Review > Flashcards

Nutrition Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

lbs to kg

A

1lb = 2.2 kg

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2
Q

BMI

A

weight in kilograms / height in meters (squared)

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3
Q

ft to inches

A

1ft = 12 inches

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4
Q

inches to meters

A

1 inch = 0.0254 meters.

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5
Q

Underweight
Normal
obese
overweight

A

Underweight- <18
Normal - 18 - 24
overweight - 25 - 39.9
obese - >40

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6
Q

classification of fat

A

Saturated fats are animal
unsaturated fats are vegetable oil
unsaturated fats branches out to mono and poly.

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7
Q

positive nitrogen balance

A

growth, pregnancy

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8
Q

negative nitrogen balance

A

sick, Burns, serious tissue injuries, fevers, fasting

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9
Q

what is my best way to eat?

A

50 carb - 20 protein - 30 fat
variety of diet

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10
Q

Weight gain during pregnancy

A

Normal weight women- 25 to 35
Obese women- 15lb

Average weight gain in 1st T-2-4lbs
1lb/ week gain during 2nd and 3rd

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11
Q

Carbs to kilocalories

A

CH: 4
Fat: 9
Proteins: 4
Alcohol: 7
Water: 0

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12
Q

pregnancy what to avoid

A

Avoid alcohol (FAS), caffein (SGA) (Max 300mg), tobacco (preterm), and drugs.

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13
Q

smoking marijuana during pregnancy and excess vitamin A.

A

causes cleft lip

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14
Q

Infant avoid

A

cow milk - casein (protein) higher concentration

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15
Q

Botulism is in

A

honey. can not give child under 1 year

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16
Q

Teenage girl has distorted body image

A

Anorexia

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17
Q

Eating disorder: making self vomit

A

Bolemia

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18
Q

water balance

A

aldosterone & antidiuretic hormone

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19
Q

cholesterol needed for

A

Cell membrane
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
Produce Bile Acid
Vitamin D

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20
Q

deficiency of iron

A

microcytic
hypochromic anemia

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21
Q

deficiency b12 or folic acid

A

lead to megaloblastic anemia

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22
Q

dash diet

A

dietary approach to stop hypertension

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23
Q

use of fluoride

A

prevents cavities

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24
Q

prevent constipation

A

fiber, water, walk with friends

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25
Q

Where are carbohydrates stored?

A

glycogen

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26
Q

proteins will not

A

be stored. excess proteins will be eliminated thru deamination

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27
Q

gluten is a

A

protein

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28
Q

celiac disease is

A

gluten allergy

29
Q

Signs and symptoms of celiac disease

A

Constant (chronic) diarrhea or constipation.
Weight loss.
Gas.
Pale, bad-smelling stool.
Unexplained low blood count that makes you feel tired (anemia)
Tingling, numb feeling in the legs.
Missed menstrual periods (linked to too much weight loss)
Infertility.

30
Q

TDEE

A

BMR x AF

31
Q

BMR men:

A

1kcal x kg body weight x 24 h

32
Q

BMR women:

A

0.9kcal x kg body weight x 24 h

33
Q

lactose intolerance

A

Is not an allergic reaction… lack of enzyme (Lactase)

34
Q

Monosaccharides are

A

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

35
Q

Disaccharides are

A

Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose

36
Q

Polysaccharides are

A

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

37
Q

difference between carbs and proteins

A

protein contains NITROGEN

38
Q

glucose in urine

A

glucosuria

39
Q

blood in urine

A

hematuria

40
Q

GI ingestion

A

BOLUS goes to CHYME.
30 mins to stomach, 2 hours in stomach.

41
Q

CCK

A

target organs gallbladder and PJ

42
Q

Weight management:

A

-Exercise 30 minutes most days to prevent chronic disease
-Exercise 60 minutes/ day to prevent weight gain
-Exercise 60-90 minutes for a sustain weight loss

43
Q

diabetes mellitus how much exercise

A

120 mins a week

44
Q

Morning sickness pregnancy

A

hCG hormone in 12 weeks.

45
Q

help with morning sickness

A

eat frequently smaller portions

46
Q

Vitamin A

A

retinol, retinoic acid, Isotretinoin, keratin

Food source: carrots

Deficiency causes: Xerophthalmia
(dry eye) & Xerostomia (dry skin)

47
Q

Vitamin D

A

Cholecalciferol (made by cholesterol)

Deficiency causes: Decrease bone growth
*Ricketts (children)
*Osteomalacia (adults)

48
Q

Vitamin E

A

Tocopherol, Antioxidant

Deficiency causes: Hemolytic Anemia

(info: stop Vit E 1 week before surgery)

49
Q

Vitamin K

A

Blood clotting

food source: green leafy veggies

Deficiency causes: Ecchymosis (bruising)

50
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic Acid, Collagen

Deficiency causes: Scurvy

51
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine, participates in production of ATPs, forms GABA

deficiency causes:
BERI-BERI
Wernicke-Koraskoff

52
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin, helps produce ATPs

food source: milk

Deficiency causes:
Cheilosis
Corneal Vasculitis
Glossitis

53
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin, helps produce ATPs

deficiency causes: Pellagra
4 D’s

54
Q

Vitamin B4

A

Choline, produce neuro transmitters, produce ATPs

55
Q

Vitamin B5

A

Pantothenic Acid, promote cell division, produce neuro transmitters

56
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine

Deficiency causes: Neuritis

57
Q

Vitamin B7

A

Biotin, Vitamin H,

Produced by flora

58
Q

Vitamin B9

A

Folate, Folic Acid, helps with cell division for DNA synthesis

deficiency causes: Neural Tube Defects (NTB)

59
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Cobalamin, used for RBC division

deficiency causes: Pernicious anemia.

60
Q

Complex B

A

All vitamins B 1-9, 12B

61
Q

Vitamin B

A

Promote production of ATPs, Cell division, production of neurotransmitters

62
Q

Calcium

A
63
Q

Phosphorus

A
64
Q

Sulfur

A
65
Q

Iron

A
66
Q

Iodine

A
67
Q

Zinc

A

deficiency causes: poor wound healing

68
Q

Selenium

A

regulate T3 & T4

Nutrition (15 decks)

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