Lecture 3 Olympics Flashcards
62 yr old who smokes one pack of cigarettes a day and whose food intake records reveal a minimal intake of vitamin C foods is most likely be at risk for
easily bruising and pinpoint hemorrhages
a basic mechanism for maintaining body hydration is
thirst
a deficiency of Vitamin A may result in
night blindness
a folic acid deficiency induces a form of anemia called
megaloblastic anemia
a food that enhances nonheme iron absorption is
orange juice
a patient who is experiencing severe diarrhea and vomiting would have
increased body water requirements
A person is most likely to have a high body water content if he or she is
a body builder
A potassium deficiency may be caused by
food poisoning
A vitamin D deficiency in growing children that results in the malformation of skeletal tissue, especially the long bones, is referred to as
rickets
a vitamin that behaves more like a hormone than a vitamin is vitamin
D
A young woman who is interested in becoming pregnant should be counseled on healthy eating choices, especially regarding folate-rich foods, which may help prevent
neural tube defects
An acid has a pH
lower than 7.0
an alcoholic is most likely to be deficient in
thiamin
An athlete who increases his or her intake of pasta will also increase his or her need for
thiamin
an example of cation is
sodium
an example of an electrolyte is
potassium
an important function of sodium is
water balance
an important function of vitamin A is to
help form rhodopsin in the eye
cations primarily responsible for controlling body water distribution are
sodium and potassium
chloride is incorporated into
gastric secretions
fish liver oils are a good source of
vitamin d
for a compound to be classified as a vitamin, it must
perform a vital function
for osmosis to occur there must be
a semipermeable membrane
functions of water in the body include
temperature control
minerals are
elements
most of the body’s sodium is found in
water outside the cells
oral rehydration therapy is preferred over intravenous therapy for fluid replacement caused by diarrhea because it
is more readily available
plasma proteins and electrolytes are examples of solutes
found in body fluids that influence the movement of water
processed foods supply a large percent of what mineral
sodium
recommended intakes for vitamin d are difficult to establish because
exposure to sunlight varies
spinach, carrots, and sweet potatoes are good sources of
beta-carotene
synthesis of the active hormonal form of vitamin D is the result of the combined action of the
skin, liver, and kidney
The B vitamin predominantly found in foods of animal origin is
cobalamin
the disease associated with niacin deficiency is
pellagra
The electrolyte present in the most abundance in gastric digestive fluids is
chloride
the factors most responsible for regulating calcium absorption from food are
Vitamin D hormone, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone
the fat-soluble vitamin responsible for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors by the liver is vitamin
K
the function of all B-complex vitamins is to
function as coenzymes
the hormone responsible for promoting conservation of sodium in the kidney is
aldosterone
the hormone that conserves body water is
the antidiuretic hormone
the kidneys clean the blood by
filtration
the kidneys must excrete water in the urine because
water provides the vehicle for excretion of waste products
the last organ involved in the production of the physiologically active form of vitamin D is the
kidney
the main dietary source of iodine is
iodized table salt
the main function of fluoride is to
prevent dental caries
the major mineral in water inside cells is
potassium
the organic molecule responsible for creating colloidal osmotic pressure is
protein
the person most at risk for developing osteoporosis is a
35 yr old woman who has sustained multiple trauma and is bedridden
the person most at risk for vitamin D deficiency is a
62 year old woman who lives in a cold climate and rarely goes outdoors
the primary function of vitamin D is to regulate the absorption and metabolism of the minerals
calcium and phosphorus
the term extracellular fluid includes
plasma and tissue secretions
the three body systems that cam be affected by a thiamin deficiency are the
nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems
two minerals that occur in the extracellular fluid and regulate water balance are
sodium and chloride
the two minerals that occur in the water outside cells and regulate water balance are
sodium and chloride
the vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is
pyridoxine
the vitamin that is destroyed by light is
riboflavin
the ways in which water solutes move across membranes include
diffusion and filtration
there is a metabolic partnership between vitamin E and
selenium
trace minerals are called trace elements because they are
found in small quantities in the body
treatment for diarrhea in children is to
give an age-appropriate diet along with oral fluids that contain sodium, potassium, sugar, and sodium bicarbonate
two foods that are commonly fortified with vitamin D are
milk and margarine.
vitamin C deficiency is associated with
scurvy
Vitamin E protects membranes because it acts as
an antioxidant
water formed from metabolism comes from
the oxidation of nutrients in the cells
water retention would be the result of which of the following hormones
the antidiuretic hormone
what is an example of a substance that can pass through a capillary membrane
glucose
what is the most important source of riboflavin in the united states
milk
what is the predominant regulator of circulating blood volume
plasma proteins
which of the following diets can help ensure adequate and balanced vitamin intake
a varied diet composed of all food groups eaten in moderate portions
which of the following foods would be most important to assist with thyroxine synthesis ?
iodized table salt
