Lecture 2 Olympics Flashcards
A client weighs 130 lbs. She is close to her desirable weight and consumes a total of 40g of protein/ day. The most appropriate nutritional counseling would be to
increase her protein intake…
(Recommended dietary allowance for protein for both men and women is set at 0.8g of high-quality protein per kilogram of desirable body weight per day.
130lbs divided by 2.2 lbs/kg = 59kg body weight
59kg x 0.8g protein/kg = 47g protein/ day.
clients protein intake is lower than her estimated needs.
Energy is lost from the body as
Heat
The basal metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone
thyroxine
Conversion of amino acids to glucose is called
Gluconeogenesis
Gas formation in the colon is the result of
bacterial action on undigested items
The surface of the intestinal wall has mucosal folds, villi, and microvilli to
increase the surface area for absorption
The sum of basal metabolism, energy expended in physical activity, and the thermic effect of food is known as:
the total energy requirement
Protein plays an important role in the body
in defense against disease and infection
The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is the
absorption of water
In the mouth, protein foods are
broken up mechanically by chewing
What is the food that is the best source of indispensable amino acids?
Turkey
The element that is contained in proteins but not in carbohydrates or lipids is
nitrogen
The total number of kilocalories in a snack that contains 10g carbohydrate, 2g protein, and 5g fat is _____ kcal
93
10g carbohydrate x 4kcal/g = 40kcal
2g protein x 4kcal/g = 8kcal
5g fat x 9kcal/g = 45kcal
Total calories = 40kcal + 8kcal + 45kcal = 93kcal
The unit of measurement used to refer to the amount of energy in food is the
kilocalorie
Bile contains
Emulsifiers
After digestion, fatty materials are absorbed into the
lacteals
The hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release its secretions is
secretin
??cholecystokinin??
A pizza slice is being consumed be a hungry teen. The first actions of biting, chewing, and breaking up the slice into smaller particles are called
mastication
Metabolically active tissues in the body include
the heart, kidneys, and liver
The number of kilocalories from protein in a sandwich that contains 24g protein is _____kcal
96
each gram of protein has 4kcal, so 24g x 4kcal =96kcal
An example of a gastric secretion is
hydrochloric acid
A food that begins chemical digestion in the mouth is
bread
Two types of protein in the body are ______ protein and ______ protein.
tissue and plasma
Very high intakes of animal protein may lead to
increased body weight and blood lipid levels
The process of digestion involves
mechanical and chemical actions
The phase of metabolism that makes growth and repair possible is
anabolism
Energy expenditure is increased by
physical exercise
When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, the result can be
weight gain
Proteins are built from simpler organic compounds called
amino acids
The person requiring the highest energy needs per unit of body weight is a
15 year old boy
The grams of high quality protein required daily for and individual who weighs 170lbs and is close to ideal body weight would be ______g.
61.8
The estimated daily basal metabolic rate for a man who weighs 150lbs is _____ kcal.
1636
If the excretion of nitrogen exceeds the nitrogen intake, the condition is called
negative nitrogen balance
Compared with the pH in the stomach, the pH in the small intestine is
higher
A protein that contains all indispensable amino acids in the correct proportion and ratio is
a complete protein
The number of amino acids that are indispensable for human beings is
9
Which of the following conditions might result in the greatest catabolism?
Multiple trauma with extensive organ damage
An animal protein that has relatively little value as a dietary protein source when eaten alone is.
gelatin
The sum of all the chemical changes that an organism performs to maintain its life and produce energy is called
metabilsm
The first source of stored energy to be used during a period of fasting is
glycogen
An activity that results in increased energy expenditure is
cleaning the house
The rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestine that propel food along are called
peristalsis
What is the nutrient that does not provide energy for the body…
a vitamin
the bodys sources of stored energy include
adipose tissue
after absorption, the end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion enter the
blood system
The primary function of protein in the diet is to supply
material for growth and maintenance
Protein catabolism is increased in conditions such as
illness
Proteins are mostly absorbed as
amino acids
Proteins form plant sources that are classified as incomplete include
wheat, peanuts, and corn
Dietary fiber is beneficial because it
adds bulk to feces
The amount of energy the body needs to maintain life while at digestive, physical, and emotional rest is called
the basal metabolic rate.
Two organs that work with the small intestine in the digestion are the
pancreas and liver
After ingested food is mixed and churned with gastric secretions, the semifluid mass is called
chyme
