nutrition biochem Flashcards
: the components of food and drink that provide growth, replacement, and energy:
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
the hydrolysis of starches, fats, and proteins into smaller units
DIGESTION
7.) What Is the hydrolysis of starches, fats, and proteins into smaller units that can be absorbed and metabolized?
8.) How much is the Basal caloric requirement for a young adult female?
9.) What enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of a-1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch and glycogen?
10.) What enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipids, which are located in the small intestine?
11.) What is a dietary protein that contains all essential amino acids called?
12-15 What are the 4 Vitamins that are fat-soluble?
16.) If a patient has “Hypothyroidism”, what mineral deficiency does he/she have?
17.) What deficiency is present if the patient has a positive Trousseau sign?
18.) What is possibly deficient if the patient has blood loss with symptoms of pallor and fatigue?
19.) If the patient has Pellagra, What Is has deficiency in what vitamins?
20.) Its function is it allows bone formation, hormonal function and muscle contraction. What Mineral is it?
: the energy requirement for a resting body.
BASAL CALORIC REQUIREMENT
the main source of energy in a diet;
Carbohydrates
the main dietary carbohydrates are:
The polysaccharide starch.
* The disaccharides lactose and sucrose.
* The monosaccharides glucose and fructose.
catalyzes the hydrolysis of -1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch and glycogen
- -Amylase
- -Amylase catalyzes
the hydrolysis of -1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch and glycogen
- -Amylase
catalyzes the hydrolysis of -1,4-glycosidic bonds.
_____catalyze the hydrolysis of -1,6- glycosidic bonds.
Debranching enzymes
the most concentrated source of energy.
Fats
the enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of lipids, are located in the small intestine
LIPASES:
synthesized in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, emulsify water-insoluble dietary fats so that
they can be acted upon by lipases.
- BILE SALTS
Fats are hydrolyzed to _____
fatty acids
complex lipids ARE hydrolyzed to____
fatty acids
complex lipids ARE hydrolyzed to____
fatty acids, alcohols (glycerol, ethanolamine, sphingosine), and carbohydrates
Fats are hydrolyzed to fatty acids, and complex lipids to fatty acids, alcohols (glycerol, ethanolamine, sphingosine), and carbohydrates. These hydrolysis products are absorbed through the
intestinal walls.
, their main use is to furnish amino acids from which the body can synthesize its own proteins.
Protein-
Digestion of proteins begins with
cooking
, which denatures proteins and makes it easier for the digestive enzymes and
HCl of the stomach to hydrolyze them.
- Most protein digestion occurs in
small intestine.
: A dietary protein that contains all essential amino acids.
COMPLETE PROTEIN
which is denatured collagen
Gelatin
is an incomplete protein because it lacks Trp, and is low in Ile and Met.
Gelatin
Gelatin is an incomplete protein because it lacks ____, and is low in ____and Met___
Trp
Ile and Met.
Corn protein is low in
Lys and Trp.
Rice is low in
Lys and Thr.
- Wheat protein is low in
Lys.
Legumes are low in
Met and Cys.
Soy protein is very low in
Met
a diet in which two or more proteins complementation each other’s deficiencies;for example:
PROTEIN COMPLEMENTATION
