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biochemistry > anaphy chap 4 > Flashcards

anaphy chap 4 Flashcards

1
Q
A

epithelium

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2
Q

common types of epithelial tissue

A

-mostly composed of cells
-covers body surfaces
-has an exposed surface
-attaches to the basal surface
-has special cell connections
-is avascular
- is capable of regeneration

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2
Q

the surface that is exposed is called -

A

free surface

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2
Q

is the microscopic study of tissue structure

A

histology

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3
Q

where epithelial cells are attached to each other

A

lateral surface

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3
Q

What type of cell in connective tissue is responsible for forming the extracellular matrix?

A

Fibroblast

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4
Q

Which tissue type makes up every organ of the body and has cells separated from each other?

A

Connective tissue

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5
Q

Which type of cell is responsible for maintaining the connective tissue matrix?

A

Fibrocyte

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6
Q

Which type of cell is responsible for breaking down cartilage?

A

Chondroclasts

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7
Q

Which type of cell maintains the bone matrix?

A

Osteocyte

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7
Q

What type of cell is responsible for forming bone tissue?

A

Osteoblast

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8
Q

Which type of cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

A

Osteoclast

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9
Q

Which type of connective tissue cell is involved in the body’s immune response?

A

Macrophages

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10
Q

What type of connective tissue cell releases histamine during allergic reactions?

A

Mast cells

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11
Q

Which category of connective tissue includes adipose and reticular tissues?

A

Loose connective tissue

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12
Q

What are the primary functions of connective tissue?

A

Enclosing and separating other tissues, connecting tissues to one another, supporting body structures, storing compounds, cushioning, transporting, and protecting

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13
Q

What components make up the extracellular matrix in connective tissues?

A

Protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid

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14
Q

Which protein fiber in the extracellular matrix forms delicate networks that support soft tissues?

A

Reticular fibers

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15
Q

What type of protein fiber in the extracellular matrix is known for providing strength and flexibility?

A

Collagen

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16
Q

What type of connective tissue is composed of densely packed collagen fibers arranged in a parallel manner?

A

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

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17
Q

What type of muscle tissue contains intercalated disks and is found in the heart?

A

Cardiac muscle

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18
Q

What type of tissue is responsible for regenerating during tissue repair after injury?

A

Granulation tissue

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19
Q

What is one of the primary protein fibers found in the extracellular matrix that is known for its elasticity?

A

Elastic fibers

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20
Q

What type of bone tissue is characterized by a porous structure and is found inside bones?

A

Spongy bone

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21
Q

Which type of cartilage is the most abundant in the body and provides smooth surfaces for joints?

A

Hyaline cartilage

21
Q

Which membrane type lines joints and secretes lubricating fluid?

A

Synovial membrane

22
Q

Which type of tissue contains neurons, responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the body?

A

Nervous tissue

23
Q

What part of the neuron contains the nucleus and is responsible for metabolic activities?

A

Cell body

24
Q

Which part of the neuron carries electrical impulses away from the cell body?

A

Axon

24
Q

What structures extend from the neuron cell body and receive electrical signals?

A

Dendrites

25
Q

What type of cells in the nervous system provide support and protection to neurons?

A

Glial cells

26
Q

What is the study of tissues and their structure called?

A

Histology

26
Q

Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities?

A

Epithelium

27
Q

What is one of the primary functions of epithelial tissue that involves protecting internal structures?

A

Protecting underlying structures

28
Q

How does epithelial tissue function to control the movement of substances across its surface?

A

Acting as a barrier

29
Q

What function of epithelial tissue allows certain substances to move through it?

A

Permitting the passage of substances

29
Q

What function of epithelial tissue involves producing and releasing substances like mucus and enzymes?

A

Secreting substances

29
Q

Which function of epithelial tissue is crucial for taking in nutrients and other substances?

A

Absorbing substances

30
Q

What is the surface of epithelial cells that is exposed to the external environment or body cavities called?

A

Free surface

31
Q

What is the name of the surface that attaches epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue?

A

Basal surface

32
Q

What structure supports epithelial tissue and connects it to the underlying tissues?

A

Basement membrane

33
Q

Which part of an epithelial cell is in contact with adjacent cells?

A

Lateral surface

34
Q

What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of cells?

A

Simple epithelium

35
Q

Which type of epithelium is made up of multiple layers of cells?

A

Stratified epithelium

36
Q

What type of epithelium appears layered but actually consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped cells?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

37
Q

What are the three basic shapes of epithelial cells?

A

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

38
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue is made up of cube-shaped cells and is often found in glands?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

38
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue is composed of flat, thin cells that allow for rapid diffusion?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

39
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is made up of tall, column-like cells, often found in the digestive tract?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

40
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in areas such as the respiratory tract and appears to have multiple layers due to the irregular positioning of its nuclei?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

40
Q

Which type of unicellular exocrine gland secretes mucus?

A

Goblet cell

41
Q

What is a type of exocrine gland that consists of only one cell, such as a goblet cell?

A

Unicellular gland

41
Q

What is the term for an exocrine gland that has a single, unbranched duct?

A

Simple gland

42
Q

Which type of exocrine gland has a sac-like or grape-like structure?

A

Acinar gland

42
Q

What is the shape of an exocrine gland with tube-like structures?

A

Tubular

43
Q

What type of cell connection binds epithelial cells together to prevent them from being pulled apart under mechanical stress?

A

Desmosomes

43
Q

What type of cell connection anchors epithelial cells to the basement membrane?

A

Hemidesmosomes

44
Q

Which type of cell junction creates a waterproof barrier between epithelial cells?

A

Tight junctions

45
Q

What structure connects cells and provides additional strength to tissues by encircling the cell like a belt?

A

Adhesion belts

46
Q

What type of cell junction allows communication and passage of ions between adjacent cells?

A

Gap junctions

biochemistry (8 decks)

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