anaphy chap 4 Flashcards
epithelium
common types of epithelial tissue
-mostly composed of cells
-covers body surfaces
-has an exposed surface
-attaches to the basal surface
-has special cell connections
-is avascular
- is capable of regeneration
the surface that is exposed is called -
free surface
is the microscopic study of tissue structure
histology
where epithelial cells are attached to each other
lateral surface
What type of cell in connective tissue is responsible for forming the extracellular matrix?
Fibroblast
Which tissue type makes up every organ of the body and has cells separated from each other?
Connective tissue
Which type of cell is responsible for maintaining the connective tissue matrix?
Fibrocyte
Which type of cell is responsible for breaking down cartilage?
Chondroclasts
Which type of cell maintains the bone matrix?
Osteocyte
What type of cell is responsible for forming bone tissue?
Osteoblast
Which type of cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?
Osteoclast
Which type of connective tissue cell is involved in the body’s immune response?
Macrophages
What type of connective tissue cell releases histamine during allergic reactions?
Mast cells
Which category of connective tissue includes adipose and reticular tissues?
Loose connective tissue
What are the primary functions of connective tissue?
Enclosing and separating other tissues, connecting tissues to one another, supporting body structures, storing compounds, cushioning, transporting, and protecting
What components make up the extracellular matrix in connective tissues?
Protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid
Which protein fiber in the extracellular matrix forms delicate networks that support soft tissues?
Reticular fibers
What type of protein fiber in the extracellular matrix is known for providing strength and flexibility?
Collagen
What type of connective tissue is composed of densely packed collagen fibers arranged in a parallel manner?
Dense regular collagenous connective tissue
What type of muscle tissue contains intercalated disks and is found in the heart?
Cardiac muscle
What type of tissue is responsible for regenerating during tissue repair after injury?
Granulation tissue
What is one of the primary protein fibers found in the extracellular matrix that is known for its elasticity?
Elastic fibers
What type of bone tissue is characterized by a porous structure and is found inside bones?
Spongy bone
Which type of cartilage is the most abundant in the body and provides smooth surfaces for joints?
Hyaline cartilage
Which membrane type lines joints and secretes lubricating fluid?
Synovial membrane
Which type of tissue contains neurons, responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the body?
Nervous tissue
What part of the neuron contains the nucleus and is responsible for metabolic activities?
Cell body
Which part of the neuron carries electrical impulses away from the cell body?
Axon
What structures extend from the neuron cell body and receive electrical signals?
Dendrites
What type of cells in the nervous system provide support and protection to neurons?
Glial cells
What is the study of tissues and their structure called?
Histology
Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities?
Epithelium
What is one of the primary functions of epithelial tissue that involves protecting internal structures?
Protecting underlying structures
How does epithelial tissue function to control the movement of substances across its surface?
Acting as a barrier
What function of epithelial tissue allows certain substances to move through it?
Permitting the passage of substances
What function of epithelial tissue involves producing and releasing substances like mucus and enzymes?
Secreting substances
Which function of epithelial tissue is crucial for taking in nutrients and other substances?
Absorbing substances
What is the surface of epithelial cells that is exposed to the external environment or body cavities called?
Free surface
What is the name of the surface that attaches epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue?
Basal surface
What structure supports epithelial tissue and connects it to the underlying tissues?
Basement membrane
Which part of an epithelial cell is in contact with adjacent cells?
Lateral surface
What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of cells?
Simple epithelium
Which type of epithelium is made up of multiple layers of cells?
Stratified epithelium
What type of epithelium appears layered but actually consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped cells?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What are the three basic shapes of epithelial cells?
Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
Which type of epithelial tissue is made up of cube-shaped cells and is often found in glands?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Which type of epithelial tissue is composed of flat, thin cells that allow for rapid diffusion?
Simple squamous epithelium
What type of epithelial tissue is made up of tall, column-like cells, often found in the digestive tract?
Simple columnar epithelium
Which type of epithelial tissue is found in areas such as the respiratory tract and appears to have multiple layers due to the irregular positioning of its nuclei?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Which type of unicellular exocrine gland secretes mucus?
Goblet cell
What is a type of exocrine gland that consists of only one cell, such as a goblet cell?
Unicellular gland
What is the term for an exocrine gland that has a single, unbranched duct?
Simple gland
Which type of exocrine gland has a sac-like or grape-like structure?
Acinar gland
What is the shape of an exocrine gland with tube-like structures?
Tubular
What type of cell connection binds epithelial cells together to prevent them from being pulled apart under mechanical stress?
Desmosomes
What type of cell connection anchors epithelial cells to the basement membrane?
Hemidesmosomes
Which type of cell junction creates a waterproof barrier between epithelial cells?
Tight junctions
What structure connects cells and provides additional strength to tissues by encircling the cell like a belt?
Adhesion belts
What type of cell junction allows communication and passage of ions between adjacent cells?
Gap junctions
