anaphy chap 4 Flashcards by Joshua Cardenas

epithelium

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common types of epithelial tissue

-mostly composed of cells
-covers body surfaces
-has an exposed surface
-attaches to the basal surface
-has special cell connections
-is avascular
- is capable of regeneration

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the surface that is exposed is called -

free surface

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is the microscopic study of tissue structure

histology

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where epithelial cells are attached to each other

lateral surface

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What type of cell in connective tissue is responsible for forming the extracellular matrix?

Fibroblast

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Which tissue type makes up every organ of the body and has cells separated from each other?

Connective tissue

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Which type of cell is responsible for maintaining the connective tissue matrix?

Fibrocyte

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Which type of cell is responsible for breaking down cartilage?

Chondroclasts

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Which type of cell maintains the bone matrix?

Osteocyte

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What type of cell is responsible for forming bone tissue?

Osteoblast

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Which type of cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

Osteoclast

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Which type of connective tissue cell is involved in the body’s immune response?

Macrophages

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What type of connective tissue cell releases histamine during allergic reactions?

Mast cells

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Which category of connective tissue includes adipose and reticular tissues?

Loose connective tissue

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What are the primary functions of connective tissue?

Enclosing and separating other tissues, connecting tissues to one another, supporting body structures, storing compounds, cushioning, transporting, and protecting

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What components make up the extracellular matrix in connective tissues?

Protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid

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Which protein fiber in the extracellular matrix forms delicate networks that support soft tissues?

Reticular fibers

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What type of protein fiber in the extracellular matrix is known for providing strength and flexibility?

Collagen

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What type of connective tissue is composed of densely packed collagen fibers arranged in a parallel manner?

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

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What type of muscle tissue contains intercalated disks and is found in the heart?

Cardiac muscle

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What type of tissue is responsible for regenerating during tissue repair after injury?

Granulation tissue

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What is one of the primary protein fibers found in the extracellular matrix that is known for its elasticity?

Elastic fibers

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What type of bone tissue is characterized by a porous structure and is found inside bones?

Spongy bone

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Which type of cartilage is the most abundant in the body and provides smooth surfaces for joints?

Hyaline cartilage

Which membrane type lines joints and secretes lubricating fluid?

Synovial membrane

Which type of tissue contains neurons, responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the body?

Nervous tissue

What part of the neuron contains the nucleus and is responsible for metabolic activities?

Cell body

Which part of the neuron carries electrical impulses away from the cell body?

Axon

What structures extend from the neuron cell body and receive electrical signals?

Dendrites

What type of cells in the nervous system provide support and protection to neurons?

Glial cells

What is the study of tissues and their structure called?

Histology

Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities?

Epithelium

What is one of the primary functions of epithelial tissue that involves protecting internal structures?

Protecting underlying structures

How does epithelial tissue function to control the movement of substances across its surface?

Acting as a barrier

What function of epithelial tissue allows certain substances to move through it?

Permitting the passage of substances

What function of epithelial tissue involves producing and releasing substances like mucus and enzymes?

Secreting substances

Which function of epithelial tissue is crucial for taking in nutrients and other substances?

Absorbing substances

What is the surface of epithelial cells that is exposed to the external environment or body cavities called?

Free surface

What is the name of the surface that attaches epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue?

Basal surface

What structure supports epithelial tissue and connects it to the underlying tissues?

Basement membrane

Which part of an epithelial cell is in contact with adjacent cells?

Lateral surface

What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of cells?

Simple epithelium

Which type of epithelium is made up of multiple layers of cells?

Stratified epithelium

What type of epithelium appears layered but actually consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped cells?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

What are the three basic shapes of epithelial cells?

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Which type of epithelial tissue is made up of cube-shaped cells and is often found in glands?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Which type of epithelial tissue is composed of flat, thin cells that allow for rapid diffusion?

Simple squamous epithelium

What type of epithelial tissue is made up of tall, column-like cells, often found in the digestive tract?

Simple columnar epithelium

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in areas such as the respiratory tract and appears to have multiple layers due to the irregular positioning of its nuclei?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Which type of unicellular exocrine gland secretes mucus?

Goblet cell

What is a type of exocrine gland that consists of only one cell, such as a goblet cell?

Unicellular gland

What is the term for an exocrine gland that has a single, unbranched duct?

Simple gland

Which type of exocrine gland has a sac-like or grape-like structure?

Acinar gland

What is the shape of an exocrine gland with tube-like structures?

Tubular

What type of cell connection binds epithelial cells together to prevent them from being pulled apart under mechanical stress?

Desmosomes

What type of cell connection anchors epithelial cells to the basement membrane?

Hemidesmosomes

Which type of cell junction creates a waterproof barrier between epithelial cells?

Tight junctions

What structure connects cells and provides additional strength to tissues by encircling the cell like a belt?

Adhesion belts

What type of cell junction allows communication and passage of ions between adjacent cells?

Gap junctions