biochem Flashcards
a polyhydroxyaldehyde or polyhydroxyketone, or a substance that gives these compounds on hydrolysis.
carbohydrates
have the general formula ,
where varies from 3 to 8.
Monosaccharides
are classified by their number of
carbon atoms
trioses
C4 H8 O4
TETROSE
C3 H6 O3
TRIOSE
aldo and ketose that react with alcohol are called?
hemiacetals
a carbohydrate that cannot be
hydrolyzed to a simpler carbohydrate
monosaccharide
what’s the glycolipids name of ethonolamine
cephalin
C5 H12 05
PENTROSE
what’s the glycolipids name of choline
lecithin
what’s the glycolipids name of serine
cephalin
what’s the glycolipids name of inositol
phosphatidylinositol
heterogenous class of naturally occurring organic compound
lipids
lipids are soluble in compounds such as:
diethyl ether, dichloromethane, acetone
contains an alcohol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate esther
phospholipids
complex lipids that contain carbohydrate
glycolipids
second most abundant group of lipids
glycerophospholipids
found in nerve axons
sphingolipids
lipid that contains carbohydrate
steroids
Complex lipids
phospholipids glycolipids
most abundant lipid in the human body
cholesterol
normal plasma is?
175mg/100ml
what are male sex hormones
androgens
a.) testosterone
b.) androsterone
kinds of synthetic steroids
methandienone, methandone, androstene
female sex hormones
estrogen
2 types of androgen
testosterone
androsterone
2 kinds of estrogen
progesterone, estradiol
analog used for oral contraceptives
progesterone
synthesized adrenal cortex
regulate metabolism of carbohydrates
glucorticoid hormones
oxidation of cholesterol
bile salts
compounds that have 20 carbon skeleton
prostaglandins
catalyze normal physiological production of prostaglandins
COX-1
production of prostaglandins in inflammation
COX-2
derived from arachidonic acid
induce platelet aggregation & vasoconstiction
thromboxones
synthesized in arachidonic acid
leukotrienes
2 types of protein
fibrous and globular proteins
compounds that have a positive charge on one atom and a negative charge on another
zwitterion
ph of non polar and polar side chains
7
The pH at which the majority of molecules of a compound in solution have no net charge
isoelectric point
The special name given to the amide bond
between the a-carboxyl group of one amino acid and the a- amino group of another
peptide bond
A short polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; they are classified by the number of amino acids in the chain
peptide
A molecule containing two amino acids joined by
a peptide bond
dipeptide
: A molecule containing three amino acids joined
by peptide bond
tripeptide
A biological macromolecule containing at least 30
to 50 amino acids joined by peptide bonds
protein
A macromolecule containing many amino
acids joined by peptide bonds
polypeptide
the amino acid at the end of the
chain having the free -COO- group
c-terminal amino acids
the amino acid at the end of the chain having the free -NH3+ group
n-terminal amino acids
The bond from the anomeric carbon to the -OR group is called
glycosidic bond
