Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 200 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

definition of NUTRITION

A
  • a BASIC COMPONENT OF HEALTH
  • important for NORMAL GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
  • TISSUE MAINTENANCE & REPAIR
  • ORGAN FUNCTION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

medical nutrition therapy (MNT)

A
  • use of NUTRITION THERAPY & COUNSELING to manage diseases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are our NUTRIENTS? (6)

A

the BIOCHEMICAL UNITS OF NUTRITION

  • CARBOHYDRATES
  • PROTEINS
  • FATS
  • WATER
  • VITAMINS (fat or water-soluble)
  • MINERALS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

definition of DIGESTION

A

the MECHANICAL BREAKDOWN that results from CHEWING, CHURNING, & MIXING OF FLUID
- reduction of food into its SIMPLEST FORM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

absorption–how do we absorb nutrients?

A

absorption of the NUTRIENTS; through

  • PASSIVE DIFFUSION
  • OSMOSIS
  • ACTIVE TRANSPORT
  • PINOCYTOSIS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

passive diffusion

A

particles moving OUTWARD from greater conc. to lesser conc.
- DOES NOT NEED CARRIER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water through a semipermeable membrane through diff. conc.

  • wants to EQUALIZE THE CONCENTRATIONS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

active transport

A
  • opposite of passive diffusion
  • needs ENERGY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pinocytosis

A

the ENGULFING of LARGE MOLECULES by absorbing cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

metabolism/storage of nutrients

A

all of the BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS within the cells of the body

  • ANABOLISM
  • CATABOLISM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

elimination

A
  • CHYME movement into the ILEOCECAL VALVE within the LARGE INTESTINE
  • conversion into FECES
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

carbs

A
  • the MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY in our diet
  • the MAIN SOURCE OF FUEL (glucose)
  • made from units of SACCHARIDES
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

protein

A

provides ENERGY and very important for growth, maintenance, and repair

  • can be SIMPLE, COMPLEX, INCOMPLETE
    ex. albumin or insulin
    ex. beef, poultry, milk, cheese
    ex. grains, legumes, seeds, veggies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fats

A
  • the most CALORIE-DENSE NUTRIENT - gives around 9 kcal per gram
  • made up of TRIGLYCERIDES + FATTY ACIDS
  • can be classified as either SATURATED (each carbon has 2 attached hydrogens) or UNSATURATED
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

water

A
  • essential due to its function within CELLS and its FLUID ENVIRONMENT
  • makes up 60 - 70% of total body weight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vitamins

A
  • organic substances present in small amounts in food that are essential to NORMAL METABOLISM
  • type of CHEMICALS that act as CATALYSTS in biochemical reactions
17
Q

antioxidants

A
  • seen in certain vitamins; helps to neutralize free radicals
    • can cause oxidative damage, increase risk of cancer
18
Q

fat-soluble vitamins

A
  • VITAMIN A, D, E, & K
  • have a HIGH STORAGE CAPACITY for these vitamins
19
Q

water-soluble vitamins

A
  • VITAMIN C, B COMPLEX
  • body DOES NOT store these vitamins
  • absorbed easily in GI TRACT
20
Q

minerals

A
  • type of INORGANIC ELEMENTS that are helpful as catalysts in biochemical reactions
  • classified as MACROMINERALS (100 mg <) or MICROMINERALS/TRACE ELEMENTS (<100 mg)
  • MACROMINERALS
    • help to balance our pH and acid-base balance
  • MICROMINERALS:
    • minimal reactions and interaction; can cause deficiency of other fellow trace element
21
Q

dietary reference intakes (DRIs)

A

Acceptable range of
quantities of vitamins and
minerals for each gender
and age group

22
Q

what is needed in our DAILY VALUES?

A
  • PROTEIN
  • VITAMINS
  • FATS
  • CHOLESTEROL
  • CARBS
  • FIBER
  • SODIUM
  • POTASSIUM
23
Q

what are factors that INFLUENCE NUTRITION?

A
  • ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
  • DEVELOPMENTAL NEEDS
24
Q

describe developmental needs of various age groups

A

INFANTS - SCHOOL AGE;
- need breastfeeding & intro to solids
- taking around 6 months
ADOLESCENTS:
- peer influences & growth spurts
- sports & activities
YOUNG & MIDDLE ADULTS
- pregnancy (folic acid - avoid neural tube defects)
- lactation (500 kcal-day)
OLDER ADULTS
- change in taste and perceptions
- changes in incomes, health & transport

25
Q

factors to consider during NUTRITION ASSESSMENT

A
  • observation of NUTRITIONAL HISTORY
  • asking their preferences in food, values, and expectations
  • LABS and tests
  • diet/health history
  • physical exam
  • dysphagia
26
Q

what are some COMMON LAB TESTS?

A
  • looks at nutritional status of;
    • plasma proteins (amt. of protein in blood)
    • albumin - 21 days (protein helps with fluid retention)
    • hemoglobin (protein in RBC - oxygen carrier)
    • prealbumin - 2 days
    • retinol-binding protein - 12 hours (measures amt of vitamin A)
    (shows metabolic half-life)
27
Q

describe ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING

A
  • providing nutrients DIRECTLY INTO GI TRACT
  • use of ENTERAL ACCESS TUBES
28
Q

what are the RISKS OF TUBE FEEDING?

A

**risk of ASIPRATION

  • position patient in upright position
  • need RESIDUAL; comparing food prescribed
29
Q

describe PARENTERAL NUTRITION

A
  • nutrients provided via IV
  • used for patients that cannot digest/absorb enteral nutrition
  • use of X-RAY CONFIRMATION
30
Q

some guidelines for enteral feeding

A
  • use ASPETIC TECHNIQUE
  • label equipment
  • use proper connector
  • trace all lines
  • patient sitting upright
31
Q

body mass index

A
  • measures the WEIGHT CORRECTED for HEIGHT; serves as alternative to traditional height-weight relationships
    • CALCULATE;
      • divide patient’s weight by height^2

NURS 200 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions