Health & Wellness Flashcards
what is the DEFINITION OF HEALTH?
state of complete PHYSICAL, MENTAL, & SOCIAL WELL-BEING–not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
**can also mean a state of people DEFINE IN RELATION TO THEIR OWN VALUES, PERSONALITY, & LIFESTYLE
why do we use MODELS?
- can help EXPLAIN COMPLEX CONCEPTS or IDEAS
- helps people understand the BIG PICTURE
- helps us to TEST and OBSERVE; observe the CAUSE & the EFFECT
- can influence one’s health behavior - in a positive or negative way
what is the HEALTH BELIEF MODEL? and what are its main components?
addresses the relationship between a person’s BELIEFS & BEHAVIORS
- INDIVIDUALS PERCEPTION OF SUSCEPTIBILITY/SERIOUSNESS of the DISEASE
- MODIFYING FACTORS/ACTION CUES that can change that perception
- INDIVIDUALS LIKELIHOOD to take ACTION
what is the HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL?
- defines HEALTH as a positive & dynamic state—not just absence of disease
- increases a patient’s level of well-being
- describes multidimensional nature of people in their health environment
what are the HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL’s areas of focus?
- INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS & EXPERIENCES
**past experiences/behaviors/factors - BEHAVIOR-SPECIFIC COGNITIONS & AFFECT
**different perceptions/influences - BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES
**committment to a plan/health-promoting behavior
- helping patient by modifying different variables & use of nursing interventions
describe MASLOW’S HIEARCHY OF NEEDS
helps to understand the INTERRRELATIONSHIPS of basic human needs
explain the HIERARCHY LEVELS OF MASLOW
(top to bottom)
- SELF-ACTUALIZATION
- SELF-ESTEEM
- LOVE & BELONGING NEEDS
(safety & security) - PHYSICAL SAFETY/PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY
(physiological) - OXYGEN/FLUIDS/NUTRITION/BODY TEMP/ELIMINATION/SHELTER/SEX
what is the HOLISTIC HEALTH MODEL?
attempt to create CONDITIONS that promote optimal health
what are the VARIABLES that INFLUENCE HEALTH & HEALTH BELIEFS?
can have either INTERNAL or EXTERNAL VARIABLES
what are our INTERNAL VARIABLES?
- developmental stage
- type of intellectual background of pt.
- perception of functioning
- emotional factors (stress, anxiety, depression)
- spiritual factors
what are our EXTERNAL VARIABLES?
- family role & practices
- our SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
- culture
what are the SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH?
- economic stability
- education access & quality
- health care access & quality
- neighborhood & environment
- social & community context
definition fo HEALTH PROMOTION
helps individuals MAINTAIN or ENHANCE their present health
health education
helps people DEVELOP A GREATER UNDERSTANDING of their health & how to better manage their health risks
illness prevention
PROTECTS people from ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL THREATS to health
what are the THREE LEVELS OF PREVENTION?
- PRIMARY PREVENTION
- SECONDARY PREVENTION
- TERTIARY PREVENTION
definition of PRIMARY PREVENTION
true prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop
ex. IMMUNIZATIONS, or HAND HYGIENE
definition of SECONDARY PREVENTION
focuses on individuals who have HEALTH PROBLEMS or ILLNESSES
- focus on people who are at RISK FOR DEVELOPING COMPLICATIONS or WORSENING CONDITIONS
ex. antibiotics, diagnosing and interventions
definition of TERTIARY PREVENTION
occurs when a DEFECT OR DISABILITY is PERMANENT OR IRREVERSIBLE
ex. oxygen therapy/rehabilitation
what is the DEFINITION OF RISK FACTORS ?
specific VARIABLES that increase the VULNERABILITY of an individual or a group to an illness or accident
what are OUR RISK FACTORS?
- NONMODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
(age, gender, race) - MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
(lifestyle changes–alcohol, exercise, sleep) - ENVIRONMENT
(water, soil, pollution, etc…)
what are the LEVELS OF THE TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL OF CHANGE?
PRECONTEMPLATION
CONTEMPLATION
PREPARATION
ACTION
MAINTENANCE
describe the PRECONTEMPLATION STAGE
where the patient has not thought of changing behavior; is UNAWARE of the issue
describe the CONTEMPLATION STAGE
patients who have thought about changing behavior; beginning to address ISSUES & QUESTIONS
- have an INVESTMENT OF ENERGY–not ready but OPEN about the topic
describe the PREPARATION STAGE
patient is READY; looking into methods or diversions
describe the ACTION STAGE
patient is ACTIVELY DOING the model of change; have started the change!
describe the MAINTENANCE STAGE
maintaining the behavior for LONGER THAN 6 MONTHS
definition of ILLNESS
state in which a person’s PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL, INTELLECTUAL, SOCIAL, DEVELOPMENTAL or SPIRITUAL FUNCTIONING is DIMINISHED OR IMPAIRED
what is the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACUTE ILLNESS vs. CHRONIC ILLNESS?
ACUTE ILLNESS:
short duration and severe
CHRONIC ILLNESS:
persists longer than 6 months
definition of ILLNESS BEHAVIOR
involves how PEOPLE MONITOR THEIR BODIES and define & interpret their symptoms
- involves VARIABLES–both INTERNAL & EXTERNAL
what are the INTERNAL VARIABLES (ILLNESS BEHAVIOR)
the patient’s PERCEPTION OF ILLNESS & NATURE OF ILLNESS
ex. pain tolerance
what are the EXTERNAL VARIABLES (ILLNESS BEHAVIOR)?
- VISIBILITY OF SYMPTOMS
- SOCIAL GROUP
- CULTURAL BACKGROUND
- ECONOMICS
- HEALTH CARE ACCESSIBILITY
what are the IMPACTS OF ILLNESS on the patient & family?
**again this is DEPENDENT ON THE TYPE OF DISEASE; different impacts depending on SEVERITY/VISIBILITY
- BEHAVIORAL & EMOTIONAL CHANGES
- IMPACT ON BODY IMAGE
- IMPACT ON SELF-CONCEPT
- IMPACT ON FAMILY ROLES
- IMPACT ON FAMILY DYNAMICS
