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NURS 200 > Activity & Exercise + Immobility > Flashcards

Activity & Exercise + Immobility Flashcards

1
Q

what is SO IMPORTANT ABOUT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & EXERCISE?

A
  • contribute greatly to one’s own physical & emotional well-being
  • allows one to keep fit & elevate one’s mood
    • stress management
    • better sleep quality
    • improves confidence & self-image
  • patients need the MOTIVATION to engage in regular exercise
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2
Q

definition of DECONDITIONING

A
  • based upon INACTIVITY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
  • indication of physical, emotional decline due to inactivity
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3
Q

what are some ACTIVITIES SEEN IN HEALTH CARE SETTINGS?

A
  • WALKING
  • TURNING/POSITIONING
  • LIFTING
  • CARRYING

**often see nurse undergo injuries–such as on the BACK due to overexertion from lifting or moving patients

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4
Q

definition of MOVEMENT

A

complex process that requires COORDINATION between the musculoskeletal & nervous systems

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5
Q

defintiion of BODY MECHANICS

A

a term that describes the COORDINATED EFFORTS of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM & NERVOUS SYSTEM

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6
Q

definition of BODY ALIGNMENT

A
  • or aka POSTURE; allows for the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, & muscles while in standing, sitting, or lying positions
  • indicates a person’s center of gravity is STABLE
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7
Q

how does GRAVITY & FRICTION PLAY A PART?

A

if we have an UNSTEADY PATIENT; this means their CENTER OF GRAVITY IS UNBALANCED & WEAK

  • friction is where we have a FORCE THAT IS OPPOSITE TO THE MOVEMENT
  • the GREATER SURFACE AREA = GREATER FRICTION
  • the LARGER THE OBJECT = GREATER RESISTANCE to MOVEMENT
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8
Q

what is the TYPICAL CORRECT BODY ALIGNMENT?

A
  • RELAXED and FACE FORWARD POSITIONING
  • minimization of HUNCHING
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9
Q

definition of SHEAR

A
  • the force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary & bony structures move
    • ex. moving HOB - patient pulled by gravity on underlying sheets
  • causes damage to UNDERLYING TISSUE & impedes blood flow
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10
Q

what is the SKELETAL SYSTEM and what is it composed of?

A
  • composed of ATTACHMENTS for MUSCLES & LIGAMENTS that forms the FRAMEWORK for the body
    -contains our joints, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
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11
Q

what about our SKElETAL MUSCLES?

A

muscules that are concerned with MOVEMENT OR POSTURE
- they can either EXTEND OR CONTRACT

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12
Q

definition of PROPRIOCEPTION

A

where we have the ACTUAL AWARENESS of the POSITION OF THE BODY and all its PARTS

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13
Q

what do we use to help ease pain within the MUSCLES?

A

can use HEAT THERAPY
- allows for VASODILATION & RELAXING OF THE MUSCLES

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14
Q

definition of PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

A

any movement produced by the SKELETAL MUSCLES that results in ENERGY EXPENDITURE

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15
Q

definition of PHYSICAL EXERCISE

A

type of SUBSET OF PA; more of a PLANNED, STRUCTURED, and REPETITIVE movements that has a more FINAL OR INTERMEDIATE OBJECTIVE OR GOAL
- goal; improvement or maintenance

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16
Q

definition of ISOTONIC/DYNAMIC CONTRACTION/EXERCISES

A

mobilizing; causes the body to move
- have CONTRACTION OF THE MUSCLE

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17
Q

definition of ISOMETRIC EXERCISES

A
  • stabilizing; causes the body to hold a stable position
  • has an INCREASE IN MUSCLE TENSION — has NO SHORTENING OR ACTIVE MOVEMENT OF MUSCLE
  • still has ENERGY EXPENDITURE
    • ex. having car in neutral
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18
Q

what are PATHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES that must be considered during ACTIVITY?

A
  • CONGENITAL DEFECTS (scoliosis, OI - brittle bone disease)
  • DISORDERS pertaining to the BONES, JOINTS, or MUSCLES (osteoporosis)
  • CNS DAMAGE
  • MSK TRAUMA (fractures etc..)
  • OBESITY (increased SOB, risk of disorders, low back pain)
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19
Q

definition of SPHM

A

involves the SAFE PATIENT HANDLING & MOBILITY
- where we have TECHNIQUES and improved assessments of equipment and procedures to allow SAFE MOVING, HANDLING, and TRANSFERING OF PATIENTS

20
Q

infants - developmental changes in MSK?

A

have more of a SPINE THAT IS FLEXED
- continued DEVELOPMENT OF MOVEMENT–just starting to lift their head, sit up, and stand

21
Q

toddlers - MSK developmental changes?

A
  • has more of a SWAYBACK SPINE and PROTRUDING ABDOMEN
22
Q

adolescents - MSK developmental changes

A

greater amount of ACTIVITY - more sports and more sporadic growth

23
Q

older adults - MSK changes?

A
  • have a GREATER LOSS OF BONE MASS
  • slower walk and coordination
  • increased risk of falls
  • can have underlying conditions or weakness in the muscles
  • greater MEDS and POLYPHARMACY
24
Q

how do BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS PLAY A ROLE?

A

the more SUPPORTIVE EFFORTS ARE AROUND PATIENTS–the more they will incorporate themselves into an exercise program

  • allows to hold yourself accountable!
25
Q

what are FACTORS THAT CAN INFLEUNCE ACTIVITY & EXERCISE?

A
  • CULTURAL BACKGROUND
  • different ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES/ACCESS TO ACTIVITIES
  • FAMILY & SOCIAL SUPPORT
26
Q

important questions to ask during nursing assessment?

A
  • any major surgeries?
  • any medications or symptoms?
  • how much does the patient exercise each day?
  • are they bedbound, in need of PT/OT, or necessity of assistive devices?
  • do they have access to locations to exercise?
  • how ready are they to develop this lifestyle change?
27
Q

what are the APPRORIATE NANDAS?

A

Activity intolerance
 Risk for injury
 Impaired mobility in bed
 Impaired mobility
 Acute or chronic pain

28
Q

what is our GOAL AND OUTCOME?

A

want to be able to IMPROVE AND MAINTAIN THE PATIENTS MOTOR FUNCTION AND INDEPENDENCE
- taking into account the PRIORITY NEEDS
- being able to COLLABORATE WITH OTHERS

29
Q

what are the TYPES OF RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES?

A
  • ACTIVE, PASSIVE, or ASSISTEd
  • FAROM; full active range of motion
  • PAROM; partial active range of motion
  • PROM; passive ROM
30
Q

what are some things to remember while helping a PATIENT WALK?

A
  • always ASSESS FIRST IF THE PATIENT CAN WALK SAFELT
  • dangle legs first around 1 - 2 min before starting
  • use gait belt and extra support
31
Q

what are SOME OF OUR ASSISTIVE DEVICES TO WALK?

A
  • walkers
  • canes
  • crutches
32
Q

what can occur with DECREASE OF EXERCISE?

A
  • CAD
  • HT
  • COPD
    -DM
33
Q

definition of MOBILITY

A

refers to a person’s ABILITY to MOVE FREELY

34
Q

definition of IMMOBILITY

A

refers to the inability to move freely

35
Q

what are SOME EFFECTS OF MUSCULAR DECONDITIONING?

A
  • DISUSE ATROPHY - decreasing of muscle mass/shrinking of the muscle
  • PHYSIOLOGICAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
  • SOCIAL EFFECTS (ex. bed rest- decreased socialization)
36
Q

what are some METABOLIC CHANGES that occur with IMMOBILITY?

A
  • decrease of ENDOCRINE METABOLISM
  • decreased CALCIUM RESORPTION
  • decreased GI SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
  • DECREASED PERISTALSIS
37
Q

what are some RESPIRATORY CHANGES that can occur with IMMOBILITY?

A
  • ATELECTASIS (collasped lung)
  • HYPOSTATIC PNEUMONIA
38
Q

what are other CHANGES THAT CAN OCCUR?

A
  • cardiovascular; ex. orthostatic hypertension
    changes in BP and HR
  • msk changes; ex. increase of blood clots/atrophy
  • urinary changes; ex. decrease in output = increase in UTI/stasis
  • integumentary changes; risk of pressure ulcers
39
Q

what can occur during DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES?

A

INFANTS:
- can have delayed development
- want to develop their weight-support skills *tummy time
TODDLERS:
- have a MORE WIDE STANCE; with their head and trunk more forward
- if immobilized; can delay gross motor skills
ADOLESCENTS;
- growth increases
ADULTS:
- have more increased risk of immobility
OLDER ADULTS
- greater risk for falls and bone loss

40
Q

what to observe during NURSING ASSESSMENT?

A
  • can the patient perform ROM?
  • how does the patient walk?
  • how much do they exercise?
  • how do they stand/sit/lay down?
41
Q

what are some aspects of HEALTH PROMOTION FOR IMMOBILITY?

A
  • prevent any work related msk injuries
  • importance of exercise
  • patient teaching of proper bone health
42
Q

what are some METABOLIC INTERVENTIONS?

A

making sure patient has a HIGH PROTEIN HIGH CALORIE DIET with VITAMIN B AND C SUPPLEMENTS

43
Q

what are some RESPIRATORY INTERVENTIONS

A

allow patient to cough and deep breathe every 1 - 2 hours
- use of chest physiotherapy

44
Q

what are OUR POSITIONING TECHNIQUES?

A
  • SUPPORTED FOWLER’s POSITION
  • SUPINE POSITION
  • PRONE POSITION
  • SIDE-LYING POSITION
  • SIMS POSITION
45
Q

definition of INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING

A

specific INTENSIVE SPECIALIZED THERAPY such as OT or PT
- ex. dressing yourself, grocery shopping etc…

NURS 200 (16 decks)

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