Activity & Exercise + Immobility Flashcards
what is SO IMPORTANT ABOUT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & EXERCISE?
- contribute greatly to one’s own physical & emotional well-being
- allows one to keep fit & elevate one’s mood
- stress management
- better sleep quality
- improves confidence & self-image
- patients need the MOTIVATION to engage in regular exercise
definition of DECONDITIONING
- based upon INACTIVITY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- indication of physical, emotional decline due to inactivity
what are some ACTIVITIES SEEN IN HEALTH CARE SETTINGS?
- WALKING
- TURNING/POSITIONING
- LIFTING
- CARRYING
**often see nurse undergo injuries–such as on the BACK due to overexertion from lifting or moving patients
definition of MOVEMENT
complex process that requires COORDINATION between the musculoskeletal & nervous systems
defintiion of BODY MECHANICS
a term that describes the COORDINATED EFFORTS of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM & NERVOUS SYSTEM
definition of BODY ALIGNMENT
- or aka POSTURE; allows for the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, & muscles while in standing, sitting, or lying positions
- indicates a person’s center of gravity is STABLE
how does GRAVITY & FRICTION PLAY A PART?
if we have an UNSTEADY PATIENT; this means their CENTER OF GRAVITY IS UNBALANCED & WEAK
- friction is where we have a FORCE THAT IS OPPOSITE TO THE MOVEMENT
- the GREATER SURFACE AREA = GREATER FRICTION
- the LARGER THE OBJECT = GREATER RESISTANCE to MOVEMENT
what is the TYPICAL CORRECT BODY ALIGNMENT?
- RELAXED and FACE FORWARD POSITIONING
- minimization of HUNCHING
definition of SHEAR
- the force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary & bony structures move
- ex. moving HOB - patient pulled by gravity on underlying sheets
- causes damage to UNDERLYING TISSUE & impedes blood flow
what is the SKELETAL SYSTEM and what is it composed of?
- composed of ATTACHMENTS for MUSCLES & LIGAMENTS that forms the FRAMEWORK for the body
-contains our joints, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
what about our SKElETAL MUSCLES?
muscules that are concerned with MOVEMENT OR POSTURE
- they can either EXTEND OR CONTRACT
definition of PROPRIOCEPTION
where we have the ACTUAL AWARENESS of the POSITION OF THE BODY and all its PARTS
what do we use to help ease pain within the MUSCLES?
can use HEAT THERAPY
- allows for VASODILATION & RELAXING OF THE MUSCLES
definition of PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
any movement produced by the SKELETAL MUSCLES that results in ENERGY EXPENDITURE
definition of PHYSICAL EXERCISE
type of SUBSET OF PA; more of a PLANNED, STRUCTURED, and REPETITIVE movements that has a more FINAL OR INTERMEDIATE OBJECTIVE OR GOAL
- goal; improvement or maintenance
definition of ISOTONIC/DYNAMIC CONTRACTION/EXERCISES
mobilizing; causes the body to move
- have CONTRACTION OF THE MUSCLE
definition of ISOMETRIC EXERCISES
- stabilizing; causes the body to hold a stable position
- has an INCREASE IN MUSCLE TENSION — has NO SHORTENING OR ACTIVE MOVEMENT OF MUSCLE
- still has ENERGY EXPENDITURE
- ex. having car in neutral
what are PATHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES that must be considered during ACTIVITY?
- CONGENITAL DEFECTS (scoliosis, OI - brittle bone disease)
- DISORDERS pertaining to the BONES, JOINTS, or MUSCLES (osteoporosis)
- CNS DAMAGE
- MSK TRAUMA (fractures etc..)
- OBESITY (increased SOB, risk of disorders, low back pain)
definition of SPHM
involves the SAFE PATIENT HANDLING & MOBILITY
- where we have TECHNIQUES and improved assessments of equipment and procedures to allow SAFE MOVING, HANDLING, and TRANSFERING OF PATIENTS
infants - developmental changes in MSK?
have more of a SPINE THAT IS FLEXED
- continued DEVELOPMENT OF MOVEMENT–just starting to lift their head, sit up, and stand
toddlers - MSK developmental changes?
- has more of a SWAYBACK SPINE and PROTRUDING ABDOMEN
adolescents - MSK developmental changes
greater amount of ACTIVITY - more sports and more sporadic growth
older adults - MSK changes?
- have a GREATER LOSS OF BONE MASS
- slower walk and coordination
- increased risk of falls
- can have underlying conditions or weakness in the muscles
- greater MEDS and POLYPHARMACY
how do BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS PLAY A ROLE?
the more SUPPORTIVE EFFORTS ARE AROUND PATIENTS–the more they will incorporate themselves into an exercise program
- allows to hold yourself accountable!
