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NURS 200 > Infection Prevention & Control - Hygiene > Flashcards

Infection Prevention & Control - Hygiene Flashcards

1
Q

definition of INFECTION

A
  • type of PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE within the US & the world
  • constantly EVOLVE - everchanging
  • when a pathogen invades tissues & begins growing within a host
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2
Q

what are some examples of INFECTIOUS DISEASES?

A
  • INFLUENZA (FLU)
  • COVID
  • AIDS
  • PNEUMONIA
  • MEASLES
  • STIs
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3
Q

definition of HAIs

A
  • stands for HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
  • results from INFECTION due to contact with HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL
  • type of PATIENT SAFETY ISSUE
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4
Q

how many typically in a hospital have at least one HAI?

A
  • around 1 in 25 hospitalized patients
    (CDC SURVEY)
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5
Q

why is it so important to prevent HAIS?

A
  • have to maintain and keep proper PATIENT SAFETY & HEALTH
  • can have FINANCIAL ISSUES & LIABILITY
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6
Q

definition of COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

A

IDs that are transmitted DIRECTLY from ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER

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7
Q

what are the types of COMMUNICABLE DISEASES?

A
  • SYMPTOMATIC
    signs and symptoms present
  • ASYMPTOMATIC
    signs and symptoms are not present
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8
Q

what is the difference between INFECTION & COLONIZATION?

A

INFECTION:
where pathogen invades the tissue & begins GROWTH in host

COLONIZATION;
where we have GROWTH + PRESENCE of microorganism–BUT NO TISSUE INVASION or DAMAGE

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9
Q

what is the CHAIN OF INFECTION?

A
  • INFECTIOUS AGENT
  • RESERVOIR
  • PORTAL OF EXIT
  • MODES OF TRANSMISSION
  • PORTAL OF ENTRY
  • SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
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10
Q

what are some types of INFECTIOUS AGENTS/

A
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • fungi
  • protozoa
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11
Q

what are our RESERVOIRS?

A
  • these are our “HOSTS” - typically the HUMAN HANDS
  • FOOD
  • OXYGEN [AEROBIC BACTERIA]
  • WATER
  • TEMPERATURE
  • pH
  • LIGHT
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12
Q

what are our PORTALS OF EXITS?

A
  • SKIN/MUCOUS MEMBRANES
  • RESPIRATORY TRACT (cough, sneeze)
  • URINARY TRACT (urine, feces)
  • GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (mouth, stomach, flora)
  • REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
  • BLOOD (HIV, HBV…)
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13
Q

what are our MODES OF TRANSMISSION?

A
  • most common; HANDS
  • can be through CONTACT [direct or indirect]
  • DROPLETS
  • AIRBORNE
  • VEHICLE (contaminated items)
  • VECTORS
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14
Q

what are our PORTALS OF ENTRY?

A
  • the same as PORTALS OF EXIT
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15
Q

how does one become a SUSCEPTIBLE HOST?

A
  • through INVASIVE PROCEDURES;
    surgeries, catheters (both DIRECT PORTALS OF ENTRY)
  • being IMMUNOCOMPROMISED;
    AIDS, chemotherapy, autoimmune disorders, normal flora compromised
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16
Q

definition of SUSCEPTIBILITY

A
  • depends on a person’s degree of resistance to a pathogen
  • affected by one’s own NATURAL DEFENSES against these microorganisms rather than the NUMBER of microorganisms
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17
Q

How do we IDENTIFY INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS?

A
  • use of SPECIMENS in BODY FLUID
  • SPUTUM
  • BLOOD
  • DRAINAGE (urine)
18
Q

definition of RESERVOIR

A

a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host

19
Q

definition of STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

A
  • precautions that are based and USED FOR EVERY PATIENT in order to DECREASE THE RISK OF TRANSMISSION
  • involves HAND HYGIENE
  • proper GLOVES
  • wearing necessary PPE if involved with blood or body fluids
  • safe COUGHING ETIQUETTE, & INJECTION PRACTICES
20
Q

what are the THREE TYPES of TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS?

A
  • AIRBORNE
  • DROPLET
  • CONTACT
21
Q

describe AIRBORNE ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS

A
  • used for VERY SMALL DROPLETS; often with use of N95 mask
  • used for MEASLES, VARICELLA, & HERPES ZOSTER
  • use of a PRIVATE ROOM with NEGAITVE-PRESSURE AIRFLOW + RESPIRATOR
22
Q

describe DROPLET ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS

A
  • used for spread in terms of CLOSER PROXIMITY; can spread through m. membranes, nose, eyes, mouth
  • used for FLU, PERTUSSIS, RSV
  • use of PRIVATE ROOM/COHORT PATIENTS, RESPIRATOR
23
Q

describe CONTACT ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS

A
  • used for risk of DIRECT or INDIRECT CONTACT
  • used for MRSA, VRE, C. DIFF., SCABIES
  • use of PRIVATE ROOM/COHORT, GLOVES, GOWNS
24
Q

can there be PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS to isolated patients?

A

YES, can feel LONELY, DEPRESSED, or have ANXIETY
- be aware & address the issue; reassurance & being transparent/keeping them company

25
Q

definition of ASEPSIS

A

the absence of pathogenic (disease-producing) microorganisms
- what is NEEDED within ISOLATION ENVIRONMENT

26
Q

what is ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE/what are the TWO TYPES OF ASEPSIS?

A
  • procedures that reduce the risk of infection
  • have TWO TYPES;
    • MEDICAL ASEPSIS
    • SURGICAL ASEPSIS
      • prevents the contamination of an open wound, maintains sterile field for surgery or procedural intervention
27
Q

what are the TWO TYPES OF HAIS?

A
  • EXOGENOUS;
    • comes from microorganisms FOUND OUTSIDE of the patient
      • ex. Salmonella, Aspergillus etc..
  • ENDOGENOUS;
    • comes from the patient’s own FLORA that begins to change and OVERGROW
    • seen often from broad-spectrum antibiotics
28
Q

what is considered during ISOLATION ENVIRONMENTS?

A
  • proper use of PPE; gown, masks, goggles, gloves
  • specimen collection; use of GLOVES & STERILE EQUIPMENT
  • not overfilling trash
29
Q

what are the FIVE MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE?

A
  1. BEFORE TOUCHING PATIENT
  2. BEFORE CLEAN/ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
  3. AFTER BODY FLUID EXPOSURE
  4. AFTER TOUCHING PATIENT
  5. AFTER TOUCHING PATIENT SURROUNDINGS
30
Q

what are the FOUR INFECTIOUS STAGES?

A
  1. INCUBATION PERIOD
    - pathogen enters; first symptoms
  2. PRODROMAL STAGE
    - nonspecific - specific symptoms
    - pathogen multiplication
  3. ILLNESS STAGE
    - more specific symptoms
  4. CONVALESCENCE
    - declining of symptoms & infection
31
Q

where in hospitals can patients acquire HAIS?

A
  • after INVASIVE SURGERIES
  • ANTIBIOTIC ADMIN
  • MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS
  • breaks with INFECTION PREVENTION/CONTROL
  • patients with MULTIPLE ILLNESSES
32
Q

difference between BACTERIOSTASIS & BACTERICIDAL?

A
  • BACTERIOSTASIS:
    • prevents growth and reproduction of bacteria
  • BACTERICIDAL:
    • temperature or chemical that destroys bacteria
33
Q

definition of HYGIENE

A
  • the CLEANING & GROOMING ACTIVITIES that maintain CLEANLINESS & APPERANCE
34
Q

why is PERSONAL HYGIENE so important?

A
  • impacts and influences one’s COMFORT, SAFETY, & WELL-BEING
  • has various factors involved
35
Q

what must one do as a nurse while helping a patient with PERSONAL HYGIENE?

A
  • LISTEN AND COMMUNICATE
  • use CLUSTER CARE and integrate other activities
  • ENSURE PRIVACY + RESPECT
36
Q

what are the FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE HYGIENE? (6)

A

SOCIAL PRACTICES:
- people use diff. types of products and use them at diff. frequencies
PERSONAL PREFERENCES:
- people have their own pref. when doing hygiene; ex. shower or bathe
BODY IMAGES - SUBJECTIVE
CULTURAL VARIABLES
HEALTH BENEFITS & MOTIVATION

37
Q

what parts of the body should we focus on– hygiene wise?

A

SKIN;
important for protection, secretion etc…
FEET, HANDS, & NAILS;
proper attention to prevent INFECTION, ODOR, or INJURY
ORAL CAVITY;
have saliva to dissolve food
HAIR;
attention to its GROWTH, patterns for health status
EYES, EARS, & NOSE
can be sensitive structures

38
Q

do we also have to careful regards to different physical conditions during hygiene?

A

YES
conditions such as having a CAST, ARTHRITIS, STROKE PATIENTS, or COPD
- have more difficulty with hygiene / need more meticulous attention

39
Q

what are some HYGIENE NURSING INTERVENTIONS?

A
  • PROMOTION OF COMFORT
  • BE ADAPTIVE through your HEALTH PROMOTION;
  • TEACH PATIENT AND INSTRUCT PERSONAL BATHING
40
Q

what are some SAFETY GUIDELINES for personal hygiene of the patient?

A
  • test the temp. of water
  • move from CLEANEST to LESS CLEAN
  • use CLEAN GLOVES
  • IDENTIFY PATIENT

NURS 200 (16 decks)

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