Nursing Process and Client Teaching and Principles of Drug Administration Pt 2 Flashcards
Check the label on drug container
three times
the lower curve of the liquid
meeniscus
Offer _____________ to numb taste buds when giving bad-tasting drugs
ice chips
Administer no more than ______________ of solution intramuscularly at one site. Infants receive ___________________ of solution intramuscularly at one site and ___________________ subcutaneously.
2.5 to 3 mL; no more than 1 mL ; no more than 1 mL
Enteric-coated and timed-release capsules ___________________________ to be effective.
must be swallowed whole
Administer irritating drugs with food to ______________________
decrease GI discomfort
Administer drugs on an ______________ if food interferes with medication absorption.
empty stomach
Drugs given _________________ remain in place until fully absorbed. No food or fluids should be taken while the medication is in place.
sublingually or buccally
Is stored in a patch placed on the skin and absorbed through skin, thereby having systemic effect.
Transdermal
Can be applied to the skin in a number of ways, such as with a glove, tongue blade, or cotton tippedapplicator.
Topical
Administration of Eye Drops
- Wash hands.
- Instruct client to lie or sit down and to look up toward ceiling.
- Ceiling any discharge by gently wiping out from ________________
- Use separate cloth for each eye.
- Gently draw skin ____________________ to expose the ____________________.
- Administer the prescribed number of drops into the _____________________. Medication placed directly
inner canthus; down below the affected eye; conjunctival sac; centre of the sac
- Gently press on the ______________ with sterile cotton ball or tissue for _______________ after instillation to prevent systemic absorption through lacrimal canal.
- Client should keep eyes closed for _____________
following application to promote absorption.
lacrimal duct; 1 - 2 minutes; 1 - 2 minutes
Administration of Eye Ointment
- Squeeze strip of ointment (about 1/4 inch unless stated
otherwise) onto conjunctival sac. Medication placed
directly on cornea can cause discomfort or damage.
- Instruct client to close eyes for ________________.
- Instruct client to _________________ for a short time.
Apply at bedtime, if possible.
2 - 3 minutes; expect blurred vision
Administration of Eardrops
- Wash hands.
- Medication should be at __________________.
- Client should sit up with head tilted slightly toward the
____________________. To straighten the external ear canal for better visualization and to facilitate drops reaching the affected area.
- CHILD: _______________________. After 3 years of age,
same as adult.
- ADULT: _________________ on auricle.
- Instill prescribed number of drops.
- Take care not to contaminate the dropper.
- Have client maintain position for ______________.
room temperature; unaffected side; Pull down and back on auricle; Pull up and back; 2 - 3 minutes
Administration of Nose Drops & Sprays
- Have the client ______________.
- Have the client _______________ for drops to reach frontal sinus and _____________________ to reach the ethmoid sinus.
- Administer the prescribed number of drops or sprays. - - Some sprays have instructions to close one nostrils, tilt head to closed side and hold breathe or breathe through node for 1 minute
- Have client keep head tilted backward for _______________
after instillation of drops.
blow nose; tilt head back; tilt head to affected side; 5 minutes
deliver a very fine-sized particle spray of medication
Handheld nebulizers
are a convenient method of administration for these medications
Handheld metered-dose devices
are devices used to enhance the delivery of medication from metered-dose inhaler (MDI).
Spacers
The preferred client position for Inhalations is
semi- or high fowler’s.
are handheld devices that deliver medications to oropharyngeal and lower respiratory tracts.
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
changes a liquid medication into a fine mist
Nebulizer (aerosol)
Nasogastric and Gastrostomy Tubes
1. Check for ____________________________.
2. Pour drug into syringe without plunger or bulb, release clamp, and allow medication to flow in properly,
usually by gravity.
3. Flush tubing with ______________ or prescribed amount.
4. Clamp tube and remove syringe
proper placement of tube; 50mL of water
Medications administered as suppositories or enemas can be given rectally for _______________________. The numerous small capillaries in the rectal area promote absorption.
local and systemic absorption
Suppositories tend to soften at room temperature and therefore need to be ___________________
refrigerated
Suppositories (RECTAL)
Instruct the client to _______________ and ________________________ to relax the ________________.
lie on left side ; breathe through the mouth; anal sphincter
Suppositories (RECTAL)
Have the client remain on his or her side for ______________ after insertions
20 minutes
Suppositories (VAGINAL)
The client should be in ______________ position.
lithotomy
Used for observation of an inflammatory (allergic) reaction to foreign proteins
Intradermal
10 to 15-degree angle
Intradermal
Sustained effect ; absorbed mainly through capillaries; usually slower in onset than with the IM route.
Subcutaneous
Used for small doses of nonirritating, water-soluble drugs
Subcutaneous
Locations for SubQ injection are chosen for _____________________ and include the ____________________________________________________________________
adequate fat-pad size ; abdomen, upper hips, upper back, lateral upper arms, and lateral thighs.
45 to 90 degrees
Subcutaneous
Usually more rapid effect of drug than the subQ route.
Intramuscular
Used for irritating drugs, aqueous suspensions, and solutions in oils.
Intramuscular
Intramuscular locations include
Ventrogluteal, Deltoid and Vastus Lateralis
is the preferred site for adults and infants older than 7
months.
Ventrogluteal
The ___________________ injection site is no longer recommended for injections
dorsogluteal
90 degrees angle into the muscle.
Intramuscular
is used for injections of irritating substances such as iron dextran and hydroxyzine.
Z-track method
The technique reduces pain, irritation, and staining at the injection site. Some facilities recommend this method for all intramuscular injections
Z-track method
This technique forms a Z-shaped track in the tissue that prevents the medication from leaking through the more sensitive subcutaneous tissue from the muscle site of injection.
Z-track method
For infants, the preferred site is the _______________ muscle.
vastus lateralis
Intramuscular injections for older infants and small children ________________________ in a single injection.
should not exceed 1 mL
______________________________________________ cream or a ___________________________, if available, may be used before the injection to reduce the pain from the needle insertion.
Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (EMLA) (lidocaine/prilocaine); vapocoolant spray
Apply EMLA cream to the site ____________________________ before the injection. Vapocoolant spray is applied to the site __________________ before the injection. Another option is to apply a wrapped ice cube to the injection site for _______________ before the injection.
at least 1 hour and up to 3 hours; immediately; a minute
More rapid than IM or subQ routes.
Intravenous
preferred for intravenous
peripheral veins
(Intravenous)
In newborns, the veins of the _____________________ may also be used after the previous sites have been exhausted.
feet, lower legs, and head
