Nursing Process and Client Teaching and Principles of Drug Administration Pt 2

Question 1

Check the label on drug container

Answer 1

three times

Question 2

the lower curve of the liquid

Answer 2

meeniscus

Question 3

Offer _____________ to numb taste buds when giving bad-tasting drugs

Answer 3

ice chips

Question 4

Administer no more than ______________ of solution intramuscularly at one site. Infants receive ___________________ of solution intramuscularly at one site and ___________________ subcutaneously.

Answer 4

2.5 to 3 mL; no more than 1 mL ; no more than 1 mL

Question 5

Enteric-coated and timed-release capsules ___________________________ to be effective.

Answer 5

must be swallowed whole

Question 6

Administer irritating drugs with food to ______________________

Answer 6

decrease GI discomfort

Question 7

Administer drugs on an ______________ if food interferes with medication absorption.

Answer 7

empty stomach

Question 8

Drugs given _________________ remain in place until fully absorbed. No food or fluids should be taken while the medication is in place.

Answer 8

sublingually or buccally

Question 9

Is stored in a patch placed on the skin and absorbed through skin, thereby having systemic effect.

Answer 9

Transdermal

Question 10

Can be applied to the skin in a number of ways, such as with a glove, tongue blade, or cotton tippedapplicator.

Answer 10

Topical

Question 11

Administration of Eye Drops
- Wash hands.
- Instruct client to lie or sit down and to look up toward ceiling.
- Ceiling any discharge by gently wiping out from ________________
- Use separate cloth for each eye.
- Gently draw skin ____________________ to expose the ____________________.
- Administer the prescribed number of drops into the _____________________. Medication placed directly

Answer 11

inner canthus; down below the affected eye; conjunctival sac; centre of the sac

Question 12

• Gently press on the ______________ with sterile cotton ball or tissue for _______________ after instillation to prevent systemic absorption through lacrimal canal.
• Client should keep eyes closed for _____________
  following application to promote absorption.

Answer 12

lacrimal duct; 1 - 2 minutes; 1 - 2 minutes

Question 13

Administration of Eye Ointment
- Squeeze strip of ointment (about 1/4 inch unless stated
otherwise) onto conjunctival sac. Medication placed
directly on cornea can cause discomfort or damage.
- Instruct client to close eyes for ________________.
- Instruct client to _________________ for a short time.
Apply at bedtime, if possible.

Answer 13

2 - 3 minutes; expect blurred vision

Question 14

Administration of Eardrops
- Wash hands.
- Medication should be at __________________.
- Client should sit up with head tilted slightly toward the
____________________. To straighten the external ear canal for better visualization and to facilitate drops reaching the affected area.
- CHILD: _______________________. After 3 years of age,
same as adult.
- ADULT: _________________ on auricle.
- Instill prescribed number of drops.
- Take care not to contaminate the dropper.
- Have client maintain position for ______________.

Answer 14

room temperature; unaffected side; Pull down and back on auricle; Pull up and back; 2 - 3 minutes

Question 15

Administration of Nose Drops & Sprays
- Have the client ______________.
- Have the client _______________ for drops to reach frontal sinus and _____________________ to reach the ethmoid sinus.
- Administer the prescribed number of drops or sprays. - - Some sprays have instructions to close one nostrils, tilt head to closed side and hold breathe or breathe through node for 1 minute
- Have client keep head tilted backward for _______________
after instillation of drops.

Answer 15

blow nose; tilt head back; tilt head to affected side; 5 minutes

Question 16

deliver a very fine-sized particle spray of medication

Answer 16

Handheld nebulizers

Question 17

are a convenient method of administration for these medications

Answer 17

Handheld metered-dose devices

Question 18

are devices used to enhance the delivery of medication from metered-dose inhaler (MDI).

Answer 18

Spacers

Question 19

The preferred client position for Inhalations is

Answer 19

semi- or high fowler’s.

Question 20

are handheld devices that deliver medications to oropharyngeal and lower respiratory tracts.

Answer 20

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Question 21

changes a liquid medication into a fine mist

Answer 21

Nebulizer (aerosol)

Question 22

Nasogastric and Gastrostomy Tubes
1. Check for ____________________________.
2. Pour drug into syringe without plunger or bulb, release clamp, and allow medication to flow in properly,
usually by gravity.
3. Flush tubing with ______________ or prescribed amount.
4. Clamp tube and remove syringe

Answer 22

proper placement of tube; 50mL of water

Question 23

Medications administered as suppositories or enemas can be given rectally for _______________________. The numerous small capillaries in the rectal area promote absorption.

Answer 23

local and systemic absorption

Question 24

Suppositories tend to soften at room temperature and therefore need to be ___________________

Answer 24

refrigerated

Question 25

Suppositories (RECTAL)
Instruct the client to _______________ and ________________________ to relax the ________________.

Answer 25

lie on left side ; breathe through the mouth; anal sphincter

Question 26

Suppositories (RECTAL)
Have the client remain on his or her side for ______________ after insertions

Answer 26

20 minutes

Question 27

Suppositories (VAGINAL)
The client should be in ______________ position.

Answer 27

lithotomy

Question 28

Used for observation of an inflammatory (allergic) reaction to foreign proteins

Answer 28

Intradermal

Question 29

10 to 15-degree angle

Answer 29

Intradermal

Question 30

Sustained effect ; absorbed mainly through capillaries; usually slower in onset than with the IM route.

Answer 30

Subcutaneous

Question 31

Used for small doses of nonirritating, water-soluble drugs

Answer 31

Subcutaneous

Question 32

Locations for SubQ injection are chosen for _____________________ and include the ____________________________________________________________________

Answer 32

adequate fat-pad size ; abdomen, upper hips, upper back, lateral upper arms, and lateral thighs.

Question 33

45 to 90 degrees

Answer 33

Subcutaneous

Question 34

Usually more rapid effect of drug than the subQ route.

Answer 34

Intramuscular

Question 35

Used for irritating drugs, aqueous suspensions, and solutions in oils.

Answer 35

Intramuscular

Question 36

Intramuscular locations include

Answer 36

Ventrogluteal, Deltoid and Vastus Lateralis

Question 37

is the preferred site for adults and infants older than 7
months.

Answer 37

Ventrogluteal

Question 38

The ___________________ injection site is no longer recommended for injections

Answer 38

dorsogluteal

Question 39

90 degrees angle into the muscle.

Answer 39

Intramuscular

Question 40

is used for injections of irritating substances such as iron dextran and hydroxyzine.

Answer 40

Z-track method

Question 41

The technique reduces pain, irritation, and staining at the injection site. Some facilities recommend this method for all intramuscular injections

Answer 41

Z-track method

Question 42

This technique forms a Z-shaped track in the tissue that prevents the medication from leaking through the more sensitive subcutaneous tissue from the muscle site of injection.

Answer 42

Z-track method

Question 43

For infants, the preferred site is the _______________ muscle.

Answer 43

vastus lateralis

Question 44

Intramuscular injections for older infants and small children ________________________ in a single injection.

Answer 44

should not exceed 1 mL

Question 45

______________________________________________ cream or a ___________________________, if available, may be used before the injection to reduce the pain from the needle insertion.

Answer 45

Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (EMLA) (lidocaine/prilocaine); vapocoolant spray

Question 46

Apply EMLA cream to the site ____________________________ before the injection. Vapocoolant spray is applied to the site __________________ before the injection. Another option is to apply a wrapped ice cube to the injection site for _______________ before the injection.

Answer 46

at least 1 hour and up to 3 hours; immediately; a minute

Question 47

More rapid than IM or subQ routes.

Answer 47

Intravenous

Question 48

preferred for intravenous

Answer 48

peripheral veins

Question 49

(Intravenous)
In newborns, the veins of the _____________________ may also be used after the previous sites have been exhausted.

Answer 49

feet, lower legs, and head