Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Chemotherapeutic Agents ulit > Flashcards

Chemotherapeutic Agents ulit Flashcards

1
Q

These drugs affect cells by altering cellular function or disrupting cellular integrity, causing cell death, or by preventing cellular reproduction, eventually leading to cell death

A

Chemotherapeutic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are used to destroy both organisms that invade the body (e.g., bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa, fungi) and abnormal cells within the body (e.g., neoplasms, cancers).

A

Chemotherapeutic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

basic structural unit of the body

A

cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Each cell has a __________, a _____________, and ___________, which contains a variety of organelles

A

nucleus; cell membrane; cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

contains all genetic material necessary for cell reproduction and for the regulation of cellular production of proteins

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nucleus contains a spherical mass called

A

nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sites of protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Within this mass (nucleolus) are dense fibers and proteins that will eventually become

A

ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

essential for cellular integrity and is equipped with many mechanisms for maintaining cell homeostasis

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

“power plants” within each cell that produce energy in the form of ATP,which allows the cell to function.

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

membrane-covered organelles that contain specific digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids

A

lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

are responsible for digesting worn or damaged sections of a cell when the membrane ruptures and the cell dies.

A

lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

designed to target foreign organisms that have invaded and infected the body.

A

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

active against the infective microorganisms that they actually cause the death of the cells they affect

A

Bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

not as aggressive; they interfere with the ability of the cells to reproduce or divide.

A

Bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a complex interaction among chemical mediators, leukocytes, lymphocytes, antibodies, and locally released enzymes and chemicals.

A

HUMAN IMMUNE RESPONSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anti-infective drugs cannot totally eliminate the pathogen without causing ______________ in the host

A

severe toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

interfere with biosynthesis of the pathogen cell wall

A

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

interfere with the steps involved in protein and DNA synthesis, functions necessary to maintain the cell and allow for cell division

A

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

alter the permeability of the cell membrane to allow essential cellular components to leak out

A

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

refers to the ability over time to adapt to an anti-infective drug and produce cells that are no longer affected by a particular drug.

A

resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

synergistic, which means that they are more powerful when given in combination

A

Combination Therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

to prevent infections before they occur

A

Prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Inhibit protein synthesis

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

used to treat serious infections caused by susceptible strains of gram negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Proteus species, the Klebsiella–Enterobacter– Serratia group, Citrobacter species, and Staphylococcus.

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

A

amikacin
gentamycin
kanamycin
neomycin
streptomycin
tobramycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

AMINOGLYCOSIDES
CONTRAINDICATIONS/ CAUTIONS:

A

Allergy
Hepatic disease
Renal disease
Preexisting Hear loss
Herpes/ Mycobacterial Infection
myasthenia gravis or parkinsonism
Lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

AMINOGLYCOSIDES
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

CARBAPENEMS

A

doripenem
ertapemen
imipenem-cilastatin
meropenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

are a relatively new class of broad-spectrum antibiotics

A

CARBAPENEMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

used to treat serious infections caused by susceptible strains of S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus infl uenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli and others

A

CARBAPENEMS

32
Q

indicated for treating serious intra-abdominal, urinary tract, skin and skin structure, bone and joint, and gynecological infect

A

CARBAPENEMS

33
Q

CARBAPENEMS
NURSING IMPLEMENTATION:
Monitor the patient regularly for signs of:

A

pseudomembranous colitis
severe diarrhea,
superinfections
confusion and seizures
phlebitis

34
Q

basically interfere with the cell wall–building ability of
bacteria when they divide.

A

CEPHALOSPORINS

35
Q

are largely effective against the same gram-positive bacteria that are affected by penicillin G, as well as the gram-negative bacteria P. mirabilis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae

A

First-generation cephalosporins

36
Q

are largely effective against the same gram-positive bacteria that are affected by penicillin G, as well as the gram-negative bacteria P. mirabilis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae

A

Second-generation cephalosporins

37
Q

which are effeCtive against all of the previously mentioned strains relatively weak against gram-positive bacteria but are more potent against the gram-negative bacilli, as well as against Serratia marcescens

A

Third-generation cephalosporins

38
Q

are in development

A

Fourth-generation cephalosporins

39
Q

is active against gram-negative and gram-positive organ isms, including cephalosporin-resistant staphylococci and P.
aeruginosa

A

cefepime

40
Q

First-generation cephalosporins

A

cefadroxil
cefazolin
cephalexin

41
Q

Second-generation cephalosporins

A

cefaclor
cefoxitin
cefprozil
cefuroxime

42
Q

Third-generation cephalosporins

A

cefdinir
cefotaxime
cefpodoxime
ceftazidime
ceftibuten
ceftizoxime
ceftriaxone

43
Q

Fourth-generation cephalosporins

A

cefditoren
cefepime
ceftraoline

44
Q

CEPHALOSPORINS
ADVERSE EFFECTS:

A

GI tract
CNS symptoms
Nephrotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Superinfection

45
Q

They interfere with the action of DNA enzymes necessary for the growth and reproduction of the bacteria

A

FLUOROQUINOLONES

46
Q

FLUOROQUINOLONES

A

ciprofloxacin
gemifloxacin
levofloxacin
mixofloxacin
norfloxacin
ofloxacin

47
Q

FLUOROQUINOLONES
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Box Warning was added to all drugs in this class in 2009 reporting the risk of

A

tendinitis and tendon rupture.

48
Q

bactericidal effects by interfering with the ability of susceptible bacteria to build their cell walls when they are dividing.

A

PENICILLINS

49
Q

drugs prevent from biosynthesizing the framework of the cell wall, and the bacteria with weakened cell walls swell and then burst from osmotic pressure within the cell.

A

PENICILLINS

50
Q

indicated for the treatment of streptococcal infections, including pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and others.

A

PENICILLINS

51
Q

At high doses, these drugs are also used to treat meningococcal meningitis.

A

PENICILLINS

52
Q

PENICILLINS

A

Penicillin G Benzathine
Penicillin G Potassium
Penicillin G Procaine
Penicillin V

53
Q

Extended Spectrum Penicillins

A

Amoxcillin
Ampicillin

54
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant Antibiotics

A

Nafxillin
Oxacillin

55
Q

work by inhibiting protein synthesis in a wide range of bacteria, leading to the inability of the bacteria to multiply.

A

TETRACYCLINES

56
Q

indicated for treatment of infections caused by Rickettsiae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Borrelia recurrentis, H. infl uenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Pasteurella pestis, ETC

A

TETRACYCLINES

57
Q

TETRACYCLINES
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Skeletal effects involve damage to the _____________________

A

teeth and bones.

58
Q

the group of bacteria that contain the pathogens that cause tuberculosis and leprosy.

A

Mycobacteria

59
Q

PTB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

60
Q

LEPROSY OR HANSEN’S DISEASE

A

Mycobacterium leprae

61
Q

mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS

A

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

62
Q

ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
Treatment duration:

A

6 months to 2 years

63
Q

ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
First-line drugs :

A

isoniazid (Nydrazid)
rifampin (Rifadin)
pyrazinamide (generic)
ethambutol (Myambutol)
streptomycin (generic),
rifapentine (Priftin)

64
Q

ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
second-line drugs :

A

ethionamide (Trecator-SC),
capreomycin (Capastat),
cycloserine (Seromycin)
rifabutin (Mycobutin).

65
Q

the mainstay of leprosy treatment

A

Dapsone

66
Q

inhibits folate synthesis

A

Dapsone

67
Q

used for treatment of P. carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients

A

Dapsone

68
Q

Inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids and acts to kill actively growing organisms in the extracellular environment

A

Isoniazid

69
Q

Inhibits the growth of dormant organisms in the macrophages and caseating granulomas

A

Isoniazid

70
Q

Is active only during cell division and is used in combination with other antitubercular medications

A

Isoniazid

71
Q

Isoniazid
Side and adverse effects:

A

Neurotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Pyridoxine deficiency

72
Q

Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis

A

Rifampicin

73
Q

Binds to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and blocks RNA transcription

A

Rifampicin

74
Q

Rifampicin
Side and adverse effects

A

Red-orange–colored body secretions

75
Q

Interferes with cell metabolism and multiplication by inhibiting 1 or more metabolites in susceptible organisms

A

Ethambutol

76
Q

Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis and is active only during cell division

A

Ethambutol

77
Q

Slow-acting and must be used with other bac tericidal agents

A

Ethambutol

Pharmacology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions