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Pharmacology > Nursing Process and Client Teaching and Principles of Drug Administration > Flashcards

Nursing Process and Client Teaching and Principles of Drug Administration Flashcards

1
Q

The desired, therapeutic effects of the drug

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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2
Q

The changes that occur to the drug while it is inside the body

A

Pharmacokinetics

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3
Q

The effects of the drug on the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

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4
Q

Conditions under which the drug should not be used or must be used carefully with monitoring

A

Contraindications and Precautions

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5
Q

Unintended and usually undesired effects that may occur with use of the drug.

A

Adverse Effects

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6
Q

Effects that may occur when the drug is given along with another drug, food, or substance

A

Drug Interactions

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7
Q

The presence of disease, illness, and allergy; chronic conditions causing system or organ dysfunction; diminished memory and mental capacity.

A

Health Status

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8
Q

Age, physiologic development, reproductive stage, and gender.

A

Life Span and Gender

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9
Q

Amount of activity and exercise, sleep-wake patterns; occupation; financial resources or access to health insurance coverage; eating preferences and patterns; use or abuse of substances; use of OTC drugs; use of alternative health practices; and ability to read & write.

A

Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits

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10
Q

Location in which the drug will be administered, such as hospital, home, or long-term care facility; properties of the physical environment that may alters a drug’s action or effect, induce adverse effects from a drug, or set limitations on whether the drug may be administered in that setting; and exposure to potentially harmful substances.

A

Environment

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11
Q

Religious, social, and ethnic backgrounds that may affect the individual’s receptiveness to drug therapy; also, genetic traits that affect a drug’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties.

A

Culture and Inherited Traits

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12
Q

NURSING MANAGEMENT OF DRUG THERAPY

A
  • Maximizing therapeutic effect
  • Minimizing adverse effects
  • Providing patient and family education
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13
Q

CORE DRUG KNOWLEDGE

A
  • Pharmacotherapeutics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Contraindications and precautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Drug interactions
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14
Q

CORE PATIENT KNOWLEDGE

A
  • Health status
  • Life span and gender
  • Lifestyle, diet, and habits
  • Environment
  • Culture and inherited traits
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15
Q

are assigned using standard nomenclature established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

A

CHEMICAL NAMES

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16
Q

describes the chemical substance or pharmacological property of a drug

A

GENERIC NAME

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17
Q

is the proper name of the drug ingredient or the common name if the ingredient has no proper name

A

GENERIC NAME

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18
Q

is assigned by the company marketing the drug. The name is usually selected to be short and easy to remember.

A

TRADE NAME

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19
Q

inhibiting blood clotting

A

anticoagulants

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20
Q

lowering blood cholesterol

A

antihyperlipidemics

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21
Q

lowering blood pressure

A

antihypertensives

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22
Q

restoring normal cardiac rhythm

A

antidysrhythmics

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23
Q

treating angina

A

antianginals

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24
Q

The 10 Rights

A

The Right Client
The Right Drug
The Right Dose
The Right Time
The Right Route
The Right Assessment
The Right Documentation
The Client’s Right to Education
The Right Evaluation
The Client’s Right to Refuse

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25
Q

The Right Client
TWO WAYS TO CHECK:

A

Checking the client’s identification bracelet.
Having the client state her or his name.

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26
Q

The Right Drug
- Prescriptions may be written on a ____________________ and
filled by a pharmacist at a drug store or hospital pharmacy.

  • For institutionalized clients, the drug orders may be written on “____________________” and signed by the duly authorized
    person.
A

prescription pad; order sheets

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27
Q

The Right Drug
- A ____________________ or ________________ for medication must be __________ by the prescribing health care provider within 24 hours.

  • The use of ___________________ has added
    speed and a safety feature to the order process.
A

telephone order (TO); verbal order (VO); cosigned; computerized order systems

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28
Q

The components of a drug order:

A
  1. Date and time the order is written
  2. Drug name (generic preferred)
  3. Drug dosage
  4. Route of administration
    5.Frequency and duration of administration
  5. Any special instructions for withholding or adjusting dosage based on nursing assessment, drug effectiveness, or laboratory results.
  6. Physician or other health care provider’s signature or name if TO or VO
  7. Signature if licensed practitioners taking TO or VO
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29
Q

Steps to do if any one of the components is missing:
- The drug _______________ be administered.
- ________________ of the order must be done in a timely manner.
- The health care provider is usually ______________ and the
conversation content documented.

A

should not; Clarification; contacted

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30
Q

To Avoid Drug Error
Drug label should be read three (3) times:

A
  1. At the time of contact with the drug bottle or container.
  2. Before pouring the drug
  3. After pouring the drug
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31
Q

Four Categories of Drug Orders:

A

1.Standing
2.One-Time (Single)
3.PRN (as needed)
4.STAT (at once or now)

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32
Q

Drugs are stored on unit and dispensed to all clients from the same container.

A

STOCK METHOD

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33
Q

Drugs are packaged in doses for 24 hour by the pharmacy

A

UNIT DOSE METHOD

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34
Q

When the drug has a ________________ (t1/2), the drug is given once a day. Drugs with a short half-life are given several times a day at specified intervals

A

long half-life

35
Q

once a day

A

OD

36
Q

twice a day

A

BID

37
Q

three times a day

A

TID

38
Q

four times a day

A

QID

39
Q

every four hours

A

Q4H

40
Q

every six hours

A

Q6H

41
Q

every eight hours

A

Q8H

42
Q

at bedtime / hours of sleep

A

HS

43
Q

has the advantages of reducing administration errors and decreasing documentation.

A

Use of Military Time

44
Q

Use ____________technique when administering drugs. ___________
technique is required with the parenteral routes.

A

aseptic; Sterile

45
Q

Common routes:

A

Oral, Sublingual, Buccal, Inhalation, Instillation, Suppository and Parenteral (Intradermal (ID), Subcutaneous (SQ or subQ), Intramuscular (IM/IG) and Intravenous (IV).

46
Q

The Right Documentation
Requires that the nurse immediately record the appropriate information about the drug administered. This includes:

A
  • name of the drug
  • the dose
  • the route
  • the time and date
  • the nurse’s initial or signature
47
Q

Documentation of the client’s response to the medication is required with a variety of medications, such as:

A
  • Narcotics
  • Non-narcotic analgesics
  • Sedatives
  • Antiemetics
  • Unexpected reactions to the medication
48
Q

before meals

A

ac

49
Q

ad lib

A

as desired/directed

50
Q

morning

A

AM

51
Q

capsule

A

cap

52
Q

per day

A

/d

53
Q

every day

A

qd

54
Q

every hour

A

qh

55
Q

qhs

A

bedtime (every night)

56
Q

qod

A

every other day

57
Q

pc

A

after meals/after eating

58
Q

PM

A

afternoon

59
Q

PO

A

by mouth/orally

60
Q

PRN or prn

A

when needed/necessary

61
Q

Rx

A

take

62
Q

STAT

A

immediately; at once

63
Q

tab

A

tablet

64
Q

6 Nurses’ Rights When Administering Medications

A
  • Right to a complete and clear order
  • Right to have the correct drug, route, and dose dispensed
  • Right to have access to information
  • Right to have policies to guide safe medication administration
  • Right to administer medications safely and to identify problems in the system
  • Right to stop, think, and be vigilant when administering medications
65
Q

Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or harm to a patient

A

Medication Error

66
Q

Medication errors may occur throughout the cycle:

A

39% - Ordering
12% - Transcribing
11% - Preparing
38% - Administering

67
Q

Medication Error
Other contributing factors:

A

Violation of “10” rights
Lack of drug knowledge
Memory lapses
Transcription
Dispensing
Delivery problems
Inadequate monitoring
Distractions
Staff being overworked
Lack of standardization
Confusing packaging prescription
Equipment failures
Inadequate client history
Poor interdepartmental
communication

68
Q

Culture of Safety include:

A
  • Use drug references (MIMS, PDR, Drug Guide).
  • Contact the health care provider; do not guess about the order.
  • Double-check all calculated doses.
  • Use leading zero; do not use trailing zero.
  • Scan bar code at the point-of-care.
  • Avoid verbal orders; if you must take them, repeat outloud to confirm.
69
Q

Controlled studies in humans show no risk to the fetus.

A

Category A

70
Q

No controlled studies have been conducted in humans; animal studies show no risk to the fetus

A

Category B

71
Q

No controlled studies have been conducted in animals or humans.

A

Category C

72
Q

Evidence of human risk to the fetus exists; however, benefits may outweigh risks in certain situations

A

Category D

73
Q

Controlled studies in both animals and humans demonstrate fetal abnormalities; the risk in pregnant women outweighs any possible benefit.

A

Category X

74
Q

When the drug has a long half-life (t1/2), the drug is given _____________. Drugs with a short half-life are given ____________________ at specified intervals

A

once a day; several times a day

75
Q

Is the time at which the prescribed dose should be administered

A

The Right Time

76
Q

Administer drugs at the specified times. Drugs may be given _______________________ the time prescribed if the administration interval is ______________________

A

30 minutes before or after; more than 2 hours

77
Q

Antibiotics should be administered at ______________________ throughout a 24-hour period so therapeutic blood levels are maintained

A

even intervals

78
Q

Is necessary for adequate or appropriate absorption

A

The Right Route

79
Q

Assess the client’s ____________________ before the administration of oral medications.

A

ability to swallow

80
Q

Requires the appropriate data be collected before administration of the drug (e.g. Vital Signs, CBG)

A

The Right Assessment

81
Q

Requires that the nurse immediately record the appropriate information about the drug administered

A

The Right Documentation

82
Q

Requires that the client receive accurate and thorough information about the medication and how it relates to his or her particular situation.

A

The Right to Education

83
Q

This right is a principle of INFORMED CONSENT, which based on the individual having the knowledge necessary to make a decision.

A

The Right to Education

84
Q

Requires that the effectiveness of the medication be
determined by the client’s response to the medication.

A

The Right Evaluation

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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