Nursing Process and Client Teaching and Principles of Drug Administration Flashcards
The desired, therapeutic effects of the drug
Pharmacotherapeutics
The changes that occur to the drug while it is inside the body
Pharmacokinetics
The effects of the drug on the body
Pharmacodynamics
Conditions under which the drug should not be used or must be used carefully with monitoring
Contraindications and Precautions
Unintended and usually undesired effects that may occur with use of the drug.
Adverse Effects
Effects that may occur when the drug is given along with another drug, food, or substance
Drug Interactions
The presence of disease, illness, and allergy; chronic conditions causing system or organ dysfunction; diminished memory and mental capacity.
Health Status
Age, physiologic development, reproductive stage, and gender.
Life Span and Gender
Amount of activity and exercise, sleep-wake patterns; occupation; financial resources or access to health insurance coverage; eating preferences and patterns; use or abuse of substances; use of OTC drugs; use of alternative health practices; and ability to read & write.
Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
Location in which the drug will be administered, such as hospital, home, or long-term care facility; properties of the physical environment that may alters a drug’s action or effect, induce adverse effects from a drug, or set limitations on whether the drug may be administered in that setting; and exposure to potentially harmful substances.
Environment
Religious, social, and ethnic backgrounds that may affect the individual’s receptiveness to drug therapy; also, genetic traits that affect a drug’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties.
Culture and Inherited Traits
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF DRUG THERAPY
- Maximizing therapeutic effect
- Minimizing adverse effects
- Providing patient and family education
CORE DRUG KNOWLEDGE
- Pharmacotherapeutics
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
- Contraindications and precautions
- Adverse effects
- Drug interactions
CORE PATIENT KNOWLEDGE
- Health status
- Life span and gender
- Lifestyle, diet, and habits
- Environment
- Culture and inherited traits
are assigned using standard nomenclature established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
CHEMICAL NAMES
describes the chemical substance or pharmacological property of a drug
GENERIC NAME
is the proper name of the drug ingredient or the common name if the ingredient has no proper name
GENERIC NAME
is assigned by the company marketing the drug. The name is usually selected to be short and easy to remember.
TRADE NAME
inhibiting blood clotting
anticoagulants
lowering blood cholesterol
antihyperlipidemics
lowering blood pressure
antihypertensives
restoring normal cardiac rhythm
antidysrhythmics
treating angina
antianginals
The 10 Rights
The Right Client
The Right Drug
The Right Dose
The Right Time
The Right Route
The Right Assessment
The Right Documentation
The Client’s Right to Education
The Right Evaluation
The Client’s Right to Refuse
The Right Client
TWO WAYS TO CHECK:
Checking the client’s identification bracelet.
Having the client state her or his name.
The Right Drug
- Prescriptions may be written on a ____________________ and
filled by a pharmacist at a drug store or hospital pharmacy.
- For institutionalized clients, the drug orders may be written on “____________________” and signed by the duly authorized
person.
prescription pad; order sheets
The Right Drug
- A ____________________ or ________________ for medication must be __________ by the prescribing health care provider within 24 hours.
- The use of ___________________ has added
speed and a safety feature to the order process.
telephone order (TO); verbal order (VO); cosigned; computerized order systems
The components of a drug order:
- Date and time the order is written
- Drug name (generic preferred)
- Drug dosage
- Route of administration
5.Frequency and duration of administration - Any special instructions for withholding or adjusting dosage based on nursing assessment, drug effectiveness, or laboratory results.
- Physician or other health care provider’s signature or name if TO or VO
- Signature if licensed practitioners taking TO or VO
Steps to do if any one of the components is missing:
- The drug _______________ be administered.
- ________________ of the order must be done in a timely manner.
- The health care provider is usually ______________ and the
conversation content documented.
should not; Clarification; contacted
To Avoid Drug Error
Drug label should be read three (3) times:
- At the time of contact with the drug bottle or container.
- Before pouring the drug
- After pouring the drug
Four Categories of Drug Orders:
1.Standing
2.One-Time (Single)
3.PRN (as needed)
4.STAT (at once or now)
Drugs are stored on unit and dispensed to all clients from the same container.
STOCK METHOD
Drugs are packaged in doses for 24 hour by the pharmacy
UNIT DOSE METHOD