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Pharmacology > Chemotherapeutic Agents ulit Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Chemotherapeutic Agents ulit Pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibits mycobacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and suppresses protein synthesis

A

Rifabutin

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2
Q

Used to prevent disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in clients with advanced HIV infection

A

Rifabutin

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3
Q

Used to treat active MAC disease and tuberculosis in clients with HIV infection

A

Rifabutin

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4
Q

Rifapentine
Side and adverse effects

A

a. Red-orange–colored body secretions
b. Hepatotoxicity

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5
Q

Used only for pulmonary tuberculosis

A

Rifapentine

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6
Q

Used to treat MDR-TB when significant resistance to other medications is expected

A

Capreomycin sulfate

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7
Q

Capreomycin sulfate
Side and adverse effects

A

a. Nephrotoxicity
b. Ototoxicity
c. Neuromuscular blockade

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8
Q

Other Anti-Biotics

A

Ketolides
- Telithromycin
Lincosamides
- Clindamycin
-Lincomycin
Lipoglycopeptides
- Televancin
Macrolides
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Erythromycin
Monobactam
- Aztreonam

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9
Q

binds to specific ribosome subunits, leading to cell death in susceptible bacteria, which includes several strains resistant to other antibiotics

A

Telithromycin

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10
Q

These drugs are used in the treatment of severe infections when a less-toxic antibiotic cannot be used.

A

LINCOSAMIDES

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11
Q

are semisynthetic derivatives of vancomycin

A

LIPOGLYCOPEPTIDES (TELEVANCIN)

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12
Q

They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the polymerization and cross-linking of peptidoglycans

A

LIPOGLYCOPEPTIDES (TELEVANCIN)

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13
Q

It is only approved for use in treating complicated skin and skin-structure infections in adults

A

LIPOGLYCOPEPTIDES (TELEVANCIN)

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14
Q

LIPOGLYCOPEPTIDES (TELEVANCIN)
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
A transfusion reaction called _____________________ with flushing, sweating, and hypotension can occur with rapid infusion

A

red man syndrome

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15
Q

is unique, and little cross-resistance occurs

A

MONOBACTAM (AZTREONAM)

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16
Q

It is effective against gram-negative enterobacteria and has no effect on grampositive or anaerobic bacteria

A

MONOBACTAM (AZTREONAM)

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17
Q

An infection caused by a fungus is called a

A

mycosis

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18
Q

AZOLE ANTIFUNGALS

A

fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), posaconazole (Noxafi l), terbinafine (Lamisil), and voriconazole (Vfend)

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19
Q

bind to sterols and can cause cell death (a fungicidal effect) or interfere with cell replication (a fungistatic effect)

A

AZOLE ANTIFUNGALS

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20
Q

Many of the azoles are associated with

A

liver toxicity

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21
Q

ECHINOCANDIN ANTIFUNGALS

A

anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin

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22
Q

work by inhibiting glucan synthesis

A

ECHINOCANDIN ANTIFUNGALS

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23
Q

is an enzyme that is present in the fungal cell wall but not in human cell walls

A

Glucan

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24
Q

OTHER ANTIFUNGALS

A

amphotericin B (Abelcet, AmBisome, Amphotec), fl ucytosine (Ancobon), griseofulvin (generic), and nystatin (Mycostatin, Nilstat)

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25
Q

The drug binds to the sterols in the fungus cell wall, changing cell wall permeability AND can lead to cell death (fungicidal effect) or prevent the fungal cells from reproducing (fungistatic effect)

A

OTHER ANTIFUNGALS

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26
Q

TOPICAL ANTIFUNGALS

A

ketoconazole ( Nizoral,), sertaconazole nitrate (Ertaczo),
sulconazole (Exelderm), terbinafine (Lamisil)

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27
Q

Fungi that cause mycoses

A

DERMATOPHYTES

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28
Q

mycoses include tinea infections such as

A
  • athlete’s foot (tinea pedis),
  • jock itch (tinea cruris),
  • yeast infections of the mouth and vagina
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29
Q

work to alter the cell permeability of the fungus, causing prevention of replica and fungal death

A

TOPICAL ANTIFUNGALS

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30
Q

These drugs are not absorbed systemically and do not undergo metabolism or excretion in the body

A

TOPICAL ANTIFUNGALS

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31
Q

single-celled organisms that pass through several stages in their life cycles

A

Protozoa

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32
Q

thrive in tropical climates, but may also survive and reproduce in any area where people live in very crowded and unsanitary conditions

A

Protozoa

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33
Q

protozoal infections can be caused by insect bites

A

malaria
trypanosomiasis
leishmaniasis)

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34
Q

those that result from ingestion

A

amebiasis
giardiasis
trichomoniasis

35
Q

is a parasitic disease through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito, an insect that harbors the protozoal parasite

36
Q

FOUR PROTOZOAL PARASITES

A

Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium ovale

37
Q

s considered to be the most dangerous type of protozoan

A

Plasmodium falciparum

38
Q

causes a milder form of the disease, which seldom results in
death.

A

Plasmodium vivax

39
Q

is endemic in many tropical countries and causes very mild
signs and symptoms in the local population

A

Plasmodium malariae

40
Q

which is rarely seen, seems to be in the process of being
eradicated.

A

Plasmodium ovale

41
Q

are usually given in com bination form to attack the Plasmodium

A

ANTI-MALARIALS

42
Q

ANTI-MALARIALS drugs can be:

A

schizonticidal
gametocytocidal
sporonticidal
schizonts as prophylactic and antirelapse agents

43
Q

-acting against the red-blood-cell phase of the life cycle,

A

schizonticidal

44
Q

-acting against the gametocytes

A

gametocytocidal

45
Q

acting against the parasites that are developing in the mosquito

A

sporontocidal

46
Q

work against tissue

A

chizonts as prophylactic or antirelapse agents

47
Q

is currently the mainstay of antimalarial therapy

A

Chloroquine

48
Q

directly toxic to parasites that absorb it; it is acidic, and it decreases the ability of the parasite to synthesize DNA, leading to a blockage of reproduction.

A

Chloroquine

49
Q

increases the acidity of plasmodial food vacuoles, causing cell rupture and death.

A

Mefloquine

50
Q

disrupts the mitochondria of the Plasmodium, causes death of gametocytesan d prevents other forms from reproducing.

A

Primaquine

51
Q

is used in combination to suppress malaria; it acts by blocking the use of folic acid in protein synthesis by the Plasmodium

A

Pyrimethamine

52
Q

inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, protein synthesis, and glycolysis in P. falciparum

53
Q

ADVERSE EFFECTS
ANTI-MALARIALS
may occur with high levels of quinine or primaquinemay occur with high levels of quinine or primaquine

A

Cinchonism

54
Q

an intestinal infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica, is often known as amebic dysentery

55
Q

Early signs of amebiasis include

A

mild to fulminate diarrhea

56
Q

the protozoan can live for long periods outside the body or in the human intestine

A

Cystic, dormant stage

57
Q

in the ideal environment—the human large intestine

A

Trophozoite stage

58
Q

is a disease caused by a protozoan that is passed from sand fl ies to humans.

A

Leishmaniasis

59
Q

fly injects an asexual form of this flagellated protozoan and digested by human macrophages

A

promastigote

60
Q

formed inside the macrophages as the promastigote divides

A

amastigotes

61
Q

is caused by infection with Trypanosoma

A

Trypanosomiasis

62
Q

caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, (transmitted by the tsetse fly)

A

African sleeping sickness

63
Q

invades the CNS, leading to an acute inflammation that results in lethargy, prolonged sleep, and even death.

A

African sleeping sickness

64
Q

which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Chagas’ disease

65
Q

his protozoan results in a severe cardiomyopathy that accounts for numerous deaths and disabilities in South American regions.

A

Chagas’ disease

66
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis, is a common cause of vaginitis

A

Trichomoniasis

67
Q

caused by Giardia lamblia, which survive outside the body and allow transmission through contaminated water or food, and trophozoites.

A

Giardiasis

68
Q
  • is an endemic protozoan that does not usually cause
    illness in humans.
  • immune system becomes suppressed because of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related
    complex
A

Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia

69
Q

Other antiprotozoals include

A

atovaquone (Mepron)
metronidazole (Flagyl, MetroGel, Noritate)
nitazoxanide (Alinia)
pentamidine (Pentam 300, NebuPent)
tinidazole (Tindamax)

70
Q

OTHER PROTOZOAL AGENTS
CONTRAINDICATIONS AND CAUTIONS
_______________ should never be combined with alcohol and should be used with caution in patients with renal dysfunction

A

Tinidazole

71
Q

infections in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or other tissues due to worm infestation

A

HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS

72
Q

is the disease caused by ingestion of the encysted larvae of the roundworm, Trichinella spiralis, in undercooked pork.

A

Trichinosis

73
Q

refers to infection of the blood and tissues of healthy individuals by worm embryos, which enter the body via insect bites.

A

Filariasis

74
Q

is a platyhelminthic infection by a fluke that is carried by a snail.

A

Schistosomiasis

75
Q

act on metabolic pathways that are present in the invading worm but are absent or significantly different in the human host.

A

ANTI-HELMINTHIC DRUGS

76
Q

ANTI-HELMINTHIC DRUGS

A

albendazole (Albenza)
ivermectin (Stromectol)
mebendazole (Vermox)
praziquantel (Biltricide)
pyrantel (Antiminth, Pin-Rid, Pin-X, Reese’s Pinworm)

77
Q
  • particle is composed of a piece of DNA or RNA inside a protein.
  • replicates in the host cell
78
Q

act to prevent the replication of that particular virus

A

Interferons

79
Q

Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses

A

amantadine
oseltamivir
ribavirin
rimantadine
zanamivir

80
Q

invade the respiratory tract and cause the signs and symptoms of respiratory “flu. ”

A

Influenza A, B and RSV

81
Q

AGENTS FOR INFLUENZA A AND RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
Therapeutic Actions and Indications
_________________ is the only antiviral agent that is effective in treating H1N1 and avian flu

A

Oseltamivir

82
Q

Herpes viruses account for a broad range of conditions:

A

cold sores, encephalitis,shingles,genital infections

83
Q

different since it can affect the eye, respiratory tract, and liver and reacts to many of the same drug

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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