Nursing and Caring Flashcards
What is nursing? (6)
Art and Science
Guided by a code of ethics
Based on standard
Evidence-based practice
Critical thinking
Patient centered and includes family and community
ANA definition of Nursing
Nursing is the:
PROTECTION
PROMOTION
OPTIMIZATION of health and abilities,
PREVENTION of illness and injury
ALLEVIATION of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response,
ADVOCACY in the care of individuals, families, communities, populations
Nursing standards are:
a MINIMUM set of criteria of practice to provide quality care
Nursing as a Profession
Patient centered care
Professionalism
- administer quality care
- be RESPONSIBLE and ACCOUNTABLE
Health care advocacy groups
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action
- Institute of Medicine (IOM) publication on The Future of Nursing
Nursing 6 standards of practice (ADOPIE)
Nursing process is the foundation of clinical decision making
ASSESSMENT
DIAGNOSIS
OUTCOMES IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION-Coordination of care
-Health teaching/promotion
- Consultation
- Prescriptive Authority and Treatment
EVALUATION
Standards of Professional Performance (10)
Ethics
Education
Evidence-Based Practice and Research
Quality of Practice
Communication
Leadership
Collaboration
Professional Practice Evaluation
Resources
Environmental Health
Code of Ethics:
Code of ethics is the philosophical ideals of RIGHT and WRONG that define principles used to provide care
Important for you to incorporate own values and ethics into practice
Primary Roles and Functions of the Nurse: (9)
Care Provider
Advocate
Change Agent
Researcher
Delegator
Educator
Leader
Manager
Collaborator
Contemporary Influences:
Importance of nurses’ self-care
Changes in society lead to changes in nursing (4)
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Rising health care costs
Demographic changes
Medically underserved
Trends in Nursing:
Evidence-based practice
Quality and Safety Education for nurses (QSEN)
Impact of emerging technologies
Genomics
Public perception of nursing
Impact of nursing on politics and health policy
Theoretical Views on Caring
Caring: a universal phenomenon that influences the way we think, feel and behave
Since Florence Nightingale, nurses have studied caring
Caring is at the:
heart of a nurse’s ability to work with all patients in a respectful and therapeutic way
Caring is:
PRIMARY
-determines what matters to a person
-Helps you provide patient centered care
Leininger’s Transcultural Caring:
Caring is an essential human need
Caring helps an individual or group improve a human condition
Caring helps PROTECT, DEVELOP, NURTURE and sustain people
Leininger describes the concept of care as:
the essence and central, unifying and dominant domain that distinguishes nursing from other health disciplines
Care is:
an essential human need, necessary for the health and survival of all individuals
For caring to be effective, nurses need to
learn culturally specific behaviors and words that reflect human caring in different cultures to identify and meet the needs of all patients
Watson’s Transpersonal Caring:
HOLISTIC
Promotes healing and wholeness
Rejects the disease orientation to health care
Places CARE before CURE
Emphasizes the nurse-patient relationship
When a nurse focuses on transpersonal caring, she:
looks for deeper sources of inner healing to protect, enhance, and preserve a person’s
- dignity
- humanity
- wholeness
- inner harmony
Nursing becomes almost SPIRITUAL
Swanson’s Theory of Caring:
Defines caring as a nurturing way of relating to an individual
States that caring is central nursing phenomenon but is not necessarily unique to nursing practice
Swanson’s theory provides:
direction for how to develop useful and effective caring strategies appropriate for multiple age groups and health care settings
Swanson’s 10 Carative Factors:
Forming a human-altruistic value system
Instilling faith-hope
Cultivating a sensitivity to one’s self and to others
Developing a helping, trusting, human caring relationship
Promoting and expressing positive and negative feelings
Using creative problem-solving, caring processes
Promoting transpersonal teaching-learning
Providing for a supportive, protective and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, an spiritual environment
Meeting human needs
Allowing for existential-spiritual forces
Summary of Theoretical Views (5):
Nursing caring theories have common themes
Caring is highly relational
Caring theories are valuable when assessing patient perceptions of being cared for in a multicultural environment
Enabling is an aspect of caring
Knowing the context of a patient’s illness helps you choose and individualize interventions that will actually help patient
Swanson’s Theory of Caring Process:
Knowing
Being with
Doing for
Enabling
Maintaining belief
Patient’s Perspective of Caring:
Patients value the affective dimension of nursing care
- Connecting with patients and their families
- Being present
- Respecting values, beliefs and health care choices
What is an ethic of care?
unique so professional nurses do not make professional decisions based solely on intellectual or analytical principles
Ethic of care places CARING at the CENTER of decision making
An ethic of care places…
the nurse as the patient’s advocate, solving ethical dilemmas by attending to relationships and giving priority to each patient’s unique personhood
As you deal with health and illness in your practice…
You grow in your ability to care and develop caring behaviors
Caring is one of those human behaviors that we….
CAN GIVE AND RECEIVE!
Use caring behaviors to…
reach out to colleagues and care for them too!!!
Caring in nursing practice factors (7)
Providing presence
Touch
Listening
Knowing the patient
Spiritual caring
Relieving pain and suffering
Family care
Behaviors that demonstrate caring in nursing: (4)
Nurse’s presence
Consistency and predictability
Use of touch
Listening in the nurse-patient relationship
Presence, by simply being in a patient’s room,
nurses have the potential to calm the fears of a patient and family and demonstrate caring
Research indicates that the interpersonal skills of nurses…
who demonstrate caring and compassion, such as being present with patients in times of crisis are often the basis on which patients determine the COMPETENCE of their nurses
Providing Presence factors (6)
Being with
Body language
Listening
Eye contact
Tone of voice
Positive and encouraging attitude
Provision of care that is consistent and is delivered in a predictable way can…
make the experience less intimidating for the patient
Practice standards and clinical guidelines help…
ensure a more consistent approach to nursing care and help optimize patient outcomes
Providing treatment based on standardized best practices allows…
all patients to receive similar high quality care
Touch:
provides comfort
Creates a connection
- non contact touch
ex: eye contact - contact tough
ex: task-oriented touch, caring touch, protective touch
Protective touch is:
touch that protects a nurse and/or patient.
example: preventing an accident (holding or bracing the patient to avoid fall)
Can protect nurse emotionally when nurse withdraws from patient unable to tolerate suffering or escape a situation that is causing tension
Listening (3)
Creates trust
Opens lines of communication
Creates a mutual relationship
Knowing the Patient:
Develops over time
CORE PROCESS of clinical decision making
Aspects of knowing include (3)
Responses to therapy, routines, habits
Coping resources
Physical capacities and endurance
Spiritual caring is achieved when…
a person can find a balance between his life values, goals, and belief symptoms and those of others
Spirituality offers a sense of:
Intrapersonally (connected with oneself)
Interpersonally (connected with others and the environment)
Transpersonal (connected with the unseen, God, or higher power)
Relieving symptoms and suffering includes (4)
performing caring nursing actions that give a patient comfort, dignity, respect and peace
Providing necessary comfort and support measures to the family or significant others
Creating a physical patient care environment that soothes and heals the mind, body and spirit
Comforting through a listening, nonjudgmental, caring presence
The challenge of caring (4)
Task-oriented biomedical model
Institutional demands
Time constraints
Reliance on technology, cost effective strategies, and standardized work processes
If health care is to make a positive difference in patients’ lives, health care must be more…
HOLISTIC and HUMANISTIC
