Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing Semester 1 > Chapter 29: Infection Prevention and Control > Flashcards

Chapter 29: Infection Prevention and Control Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

Infection:

A

Invasion of a susceptible host (human being)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pathogens:

A

microorganisms that lead to disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Colonization:

A

presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Disease or infection results only

A

if the pathogens multiply and alter normal tissue function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Some infectious diseases such as viral meningitis and pneumonia have a

A

low or no risk for transmission even though they are serious for patients, they do not pose a risk to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Communicable disease:

A

if an infectious disease can be transmitted directly from one person to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If pathogens multiple and cause clinical signs and symptoms, the infection is:

A

symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If clinical signs and symptoms are not present, the illness is termed

A

asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Infection occurs in a cycle that depends on the presence of which elements (6)

A

infectious agent or pathogen

reservoir or source for pathogen growth

port of exit from reservoir

mode of transmission

port of entry to a host

susceptible host

Infection can develop if this chain remains uninterrupted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Virulence (3)

A

ability of microorganisms to produce disease

ability to enter and survive in a host

susceptibility of host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most effective way to break chain of infection

A

HAND HYGIENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reservoir is a

A

place where microorganisms survive, multiple, and await transfer to a susceptible host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Common reservoirs:

A

humans

animals

insects

food

water

organic matter on inanimate surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Human reservoirs are divided into 2 categories:

A

Acute/symptomatic

Those who show no signs of diseases but are carriers!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aerobic organisms can cause:

A

more infections in humans than anaerobic organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ideal temperature for most human pathogens:

Ideal pH for microorganisms:

A

68-109 F

5.0-7.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Portals of exit include:

A

Blood

Skin

Mucous membranes

Respiratory tract

Genitourinary tract (GU)

Gastrointestinal tract (GI)

Transplacental (mother to fetus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Major route of transmission for pathogens identified in the health care setting:

A

unwashed hands of healthcare worker!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Modes of transmission (6)

A

Direct
- person to person (fecal, oral) physical contact between source and host)

Indirect
- personal contact of host with contaminated inanimate object (needles, dressings, environment)

Droplet
- large particles that travel up to 3 feet during coughing, sneezing, talking and come in contact with susceptible host

Airborne
- Droplet nuclei, residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air during coughing or sneezing or carried on dust particles

Vehicles

  • contaminated items
  • water
  • drugs, solutions
  • blood
  • food

Vector

  • external mechanical transfer (flies)
  • mosquitos, louse, flea, tick
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Course of infection by stage: (4)

A

Incubation period

Prodromal stage

Illness stage

Convalescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Incubation period:

A

interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms

chickenpox 14-16 days after exposure

Common cold 1-2 days

influenza 1-4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Suprainfection:

A

Develops when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal flora organisms, not just those causing infection

When normal bacterial floras are eliminated, body defenses are reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Serous fluid

A

clear, like plasma

24
Q

Sanguineous fluid

A

containing red blood cells

25
Q

Purulent fluid

A

containing WBCs and bacteria

26
Q

Major sites for HAIs (health care associated infections (4)

A

surgical or traumatic wounds

urinary tract

respiratory tract

bloodstream

27
Q

Natural defense mechanisms against infection (7)

A

Skin

Mouth

Eye

Respiratory tract

Urinary tract

Gastrointestinal tract

Vagina

28
Q

HAI infections are either:

A

exogenous

endogenous

29
Q

Exogenous infection comes from

A

microorganisms found outside the individual

30
Q

Endogenous infection occurs when part of the

A

patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results (staph, yeasts)

31
Q

Iatrogenic infections are

A

a type of HAI caused by an invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedure

32
Q

Factors influencing infection prevention control

A

age

nutritional status

stress

disease process

33
Q

A reduction in the intake of protein and other nutrients such as carbs and fats

A

reduces body defenses against infection and impairs wound healing

34
Q

Risk factors of infection in adults (8)

A

Chronic disease

Lifestyle- high-risk behaviors

Occupation

Diagnostic procedures

Heredity

Travel history

Trauma

Nutrition

35
Q

Examples of nursing diagnoses in the making:

A

risk for infection

imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements

impaired oral mucous membrane

risk for impaired skin integrity

social isolation

impaired tissue integrity

36
Q

Examples of common goals:

A

Preventing further exposure to infectious organisms

Controlling or reducing the extent of infection

Maintaining resistance to infection

Verbalizing understanding of infection prevention and control techniques (hand hygiene)

37
Q

Medical asepsis:

A

absence of pathogenic (disease producing) microorganisms.

38
Q

Aseptic technique refers

A

to practices that reduce risk for infection

39
Q

2 types of aseptic techniques

A

Medical

Surgical

40
Q

Basic medical aseptic techniques

A

break the chain of infection

Use this technique for all patients, even when no infection is diagnosed

41
Q

Medical asepsis:

A

aggressive preventive measures such as

hand hygiene

barrier techniques

routine environmental cleaning

42
Q

Disinfection

A

process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores from inanimate objects

43
Q

2 types of disinfection:

A

disinfection of surfaces

high-level disinfection
-required for some patient care items such as endoscopes and bronchoscopes

44
Q

Sterilization and methods

A

eliminates or destroys all forms of microbial life, including spores

methods include: steam, dry heat, hydrogen peroxide plasma, ethylene oxide

45
Q

Factors that influence the efficacy of the disinfecting or sterilizing method (6)

A

concentration of solution and duration of contact

type and number of pathogens

surface areas to treat

temperature of environment

presence of soap

presence of organic materials

46
Q

Critical items for sterilization (4)

A

Items that enter sterile tissue or the vascular system…Must be free of EVERYTHING!!

Surgical instruments

Cardiac or intravascular catheters

urinary catheters

implants

47
Q

Semicritical items for sterilization (5)

A

Items that come in contact with mucous membranes or non intact skin. These items must be free of all microorganisms (except bacterial spores), must be high leveled disinfected or sterilized

Respiratory and anesthesia equipment

endoscopes

endotracheal tubes

GI endoscopes

Diaphragm fitting rings

48
Q

Noncritical items:

A

Items that come in contact with intact skin but not mucous membranes. Must be disinfected

Bedpans

Bloodpressure cuffs

Bedrails

Linens

Stethoscopes

Bedside trays and patient furniture

Food utensils

49
Q

Order of putting ON PPE

A

Gown

Mask

Goggles

Gloves

50
Q

Order of taking OFF PPE

A

Gloves

Goggles

Gown

Mask

51
Q

Infection prevention and control to reduce reservoirs of infection(8)

A

Bathing

Dressing changes

Contaminated articles

Contaminated sharps

Bedside unit

Bottled solutions

Surgical wounds

Drainage bottles and bags

52
Q

Contact precautions:

A

Used for DIRECT and INDIRECT contact

Care and handling of contaminated body fluids (blood)

Gown and gloves used

53
Q

Droplet precautions:

A

Focuses on diseases that are transmitted by large droplets (greater than 5 microns) expelled into the air and by being within 3 FEET OF PATIENT

Mask needed

Influenza

54
Q

Airborne precautions

A

focuses on diseases transmitted by smaller droplets that remain in air for long time

specifically equipped room with a negative air flow (airborne infection isolation room)

air is not returned to the inside ventilation system but is FILTERED through a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter and exhausted directly OUTSIDE

wear an N95 respirator every time they enter room

55
Q

Protective environment:

A

Very limited patient population

specialized room with POSITIVE airflow

Airflow rate is set at GREATER than 12 air exchanges per hour and all air is filtered through a HEPA filter.

Masks!

Nursing Semester 1 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions