Chapter 6- Health and Wellness Flashcards
Healthy People provides:
evidence-based, 10 year-national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease
Healthy People 2020 goals (4)
1) Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
2) achieve health equity, eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all groups
3) create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
4) promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across all life stages
WHO definition of health
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health belief model:
addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors
1st component: involves an individual’s perception of susceptibility to an illness
2nd component: individual’s perception of the seriousness of disease
3rd component: likelihood that a person will take preventative action
Health promotion is directed at:
increasing a patient’s level of well-being
Focuses on
1) individual characteristics and experiences
2) behavior specific knowledge and affect
3) behavioral outcomes in which the patient commits to or changes a behavior
Health promoting behaviors result in
improved health
enhanced functional ability
better quality of life at all stages of development
Holistic health model of nursing attempts to:
create conditions that promote a patient’s optimal level of health
patients are involved in their healing process, assuming some responsibility for health maintenance
Nurses use the holistic health model to
recognize the natural healing abilities of the body and incorporate complementary and alternative interventions such as
meditation
music therapy
relaxation therapy
guided imagery
because they are effective, economical, noninvasive
Internal variables that influence health beliefs/practices:
Developmental stage
intellectual background
perception of functioning
emotional factors
spiritual factors
External variables that influence health beliefs/practices:
Family practices
Psychosocial and Socioeconomic factors
Health promotion:
activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition help patients maintain or enhance their present levels of health.
Motivate people to act positively to reach more stable levels of health
Wellness education:
teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthy way and includes topics such as physical awareness, stress management and self-responsibility
Illness prevention activities:
immunization programs protect patients from actual/potential threats to health
Passive strategies of health promotion:
individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves
Fluoridation of drinking water
fortification of homogenized milk with vitamin D
Active strategies of health promotion:
individuals adopt specific health programs. They are actively involved
Weight- reduction
Quitting smoking
Primary Prevention:
TRUE PREVENTION
BEFORE disease or dysfunction and applied to patients considered physically and emotionally healthy
health education programs
immunizations
nutritional programs
physical fitness activities
Focuses on maintaining or improving the general health of individuals, families, communities
Secondary prevention
focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and at are AT RISK for developing complications or worsening conditions
Activities are directed at DIAGNOSIS and PROMPT INTERVENTION thereby reducing severity and enabling the patient to return to a normal level of health as early as possible
Tertiary prevention:
Occurs when a DEFECT or DISABILITY is PERMANENT AND IRREVERSIBLE
Involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration
FOCUSES ON REHABILITATING PATIENT TO achieve a high level of functioning as possible!!!
Risk factor:
something that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
Acute illness:
usually reversible
short duration
often severe
symptoms appear abruptly, are intense and often subside after a relatively short period
Chronic illness:
persists usually longer than 6 MONTHS
irreversible and affects functioning in one or more systems
Many chronic illnesses are related to 4 modifiable health behaviors:
physical inactivity
poor nutrition
use of tobacco
excessive alcohol consumption
