Chapter 6- Health and Wellness

Question 1

Healthy People provides:

Answer 1

evidence-based, 10 year-national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease

Question 2

Healthy People 2020 goals (4)

Answer 2

1) Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
2) achieve health equity, eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all groups
3) create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
4) promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across all life stages

Question 3

WHO definition of health

Answer 3

state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 4

Health belief model:

Answer 4

addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors

1st component: involves an individual’s perception of susceptibility to an illness

2nd component: individual’s perception of the seriousness of disease

3rd component: likelihood that a person will take preventative action

Question 5

Health promotion is directed at:

Answer 5

increasing a patient’s level of well-being

Focuses on

1) individual characteristics and experiences
2) behavior specific knowledge and affect
3) behavioral outcomes in which the patient commits to or changes a behavior

Question 6

Health promoting behaviors result in

Answer 6

improved health

enhanced functional ability

better quality of life at all stages of development

Question 7

Holistic health model of nursing attempts to:

Answer 7

create conditions that promote a patient’s optimal level of health

patients are involved in their healing process, assuming some responsibility for health maintenance

Question 8

Nurses use the holistic health model to

Answer 8

recognize the natural healing abilities of the body and incorporate complementary and alternative interventions such as

meditation
music therapy
relaxation therapy
guided imagery

because they are effective, economical, noninvasive

Question 9

Internal variables that influence health beliefs/practices:

Answer 9

Developmental stage

intellectual background

perception of functioning

emotional factors

spiritual factors

Question 10

External variables that influence health beliefs/practices:

Answer 10

Family practices

Psychosocial and Socioeconomic factors

Question 11

Health promotion:

Answer 11

activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition help patients maintain or enhance their present levels of health.

Motivate people to act positively to reach more stable levels of health

Question 12

Wellness education:

Answer 12

teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthy way and includes topics such as physical awareness, stress management and self-responsibility

Question 13

Illness prevention activities:

Answer 13

immunization programs protect patients from actual/potential threats to health

Question 14

Passive strategies of health promotion:

Answer 14

individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves

Fluoridation of drinking water

fortification of homogenized milk with vitamin D

Question 15

Active strategies of health promotion:

Answer 15

individuals adopt specific health programs. They are actively involved

Weight- reduction

Quitting smoking

Question 16

Primary Prevention:

Answer 16

TRUE PREVENTION

BEFORE disease or dysfunction and applied to patients considered physically and emotionally healthy

health education programs

immunizations

nutritional programs

physical fitness activities

Focuses on maintaining or improving the general health of individuals, families, communities

Question 17

Secondary prevention

Answer 17

focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and at are AT RISK for developing complications or worsening conditions

Activities are directed at DIAGNOSIS and PROMPT INTERVENTION thereby reducing severity and enabling the patient to return to a normal level of health as early as possible

Question 18

Tertiary prevention:

Answer 18

Occurs when a DEFECT or DISABILITY is PERMANENT AND IRREVERSIBLE

Involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration

FOCUSES ON REHABILITATING PATIENT TO achieve a high level of functioning as possible!!!

Question 19

Risk factor:

Answer 19

something that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident

Question 20

Acute illness:

Answer 20

usually reversible

short duration

often severe

symptoms appear abruptly, are intense and often subside after a relatively short period

Question 21

Chronic illness:

Answer 21

persists usually longer than 6 MONTHS

irreversible and affects functioning in one or more systems

Question 22

Many chronic illnesses are related to 4 modifiable health behaviors:

Answer 22

physical inactivity

poor nutrition

use of tobacco

excessive alcohol consumption