NUR 133 - Exam 1; Team Blueprint Flashcards by Josh Bajarias

What are the two important things to remember when it comes to cultural competence?

Respect anything that goes along with their culture when you can
Sometimes their religion is more important than their health, which helps promote healing process

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common complication with tracheal suctioning?

Hypoxia.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When do you deem a patient has learned to self-suction their tracheostomy?

When they demonstrate it back to you.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Phlebitis?

Inflammation of a vein.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the signs and symptoms of phlebitis?

Swelling
Warm to the touch
Erythema
Red-streaking
Pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the identifiers for blood transfusion procedures?

Confirm patient blood type

- Make sure it is compatible

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When do you measure VS for a patient who will receive a blood transfusion?

15 minutes before, during, and after.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do you do with any reaction to a blood transfusion?

Stop immediately.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some moderate adverse effects from blood transfusions?

Mild itching
Urticaria
Flushing (redness of face)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the anaphylactic transfusion reactions?

Bronchospasm
Laryngeal edema
Hypotension
Shock

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are important time factors for blood transfusions?

Administer within 30 minutes of receiving blood

- Transfusions are not to go for longer than 4 hours

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ABG’s for Respiratory Acidosis.

High CO2; Low pH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ABG’s for Respiratory Alkalosis.

Low CO2; High pH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ABG’s for Metabolic Acidosis.

Low Bicarb; Low pH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ABG’s for Metabolic Alkalosis.

High Bicarb; Low pH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Bicarbonate’s relationship to pH?

Direct relationship

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is CO2’s relationship to pH?

Inverse relationship

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the main cause of metabolic acidosis?

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the antacid and diuretic that can cause metabolic alkalosis?

TUMS

- Lasix

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What occurs during uncompensation of ABG’s?

pH is out of range
Either CO2 or Bicarb is off
Body hasn’t responded yet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What occurs during partial compensation of ABG’s?

pH is not able to normalize
Bicarb and CO2 are off
All 3 are off

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What occurs during full compensation of ABG’s?

pH returns to normal
Bicarb and CO2 might be off
Body is cleaning up what it can

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What can cause respiratory acidosis?

Hypoventilation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How can you treat respiratory acidosis?

Hyperventilate them

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What can cause respiratory alkalosis?

- Hypokalemia | - Excessive CO2 elimination

Where do you draw blood for ABG's?

Radial artery

What are the important medications to know if a patient has taken any pre-op?

- Diuretics - OTC's - Herbal remedies

What is a nurse's role in obtaining patient consent?

Nurse must witness patient cooperatively sign consent to provider

What is the important history to obtain for patients pre-op?

- Past medical history - Blood type - Allergies

What is septic shock biologically activated by?

Endotoxins causing massive vasodilation

What are the common causes for septic shock?

- Pneumonia | - UTI's

What is the BP when patient is in compensatory shock?

WNL

If the BP is less than 90, what kind of shock the patient experiencing?

Septic shock

What occurs during irreversible shock?

- Metabolic acidosis | - Multi-organ failure

What do you administer if patient in septic shock isn't responding to fluids and has a low BP?

Norepinephrine

What diagnostics do you perform for patients with suspected or actual septic shock?

- Chest X-ray - CBC - Urine sample

What is the purpose of diagnostics for septic shock patients?

To determine the origin and which medication to administer.

What are the signs and symptoms for sepsis?

- Dehydration | - Confusion

What is hypovolemic shock?

Excessive fluid shift due to diuresis or loss of any fluids (water, blood, etc)

What are the first signs of hypovolemic shock?

- Tachycardia | - Hypotension

What are the priorities in sending in patient for surgery pre-op?

- Get a good history - NPO - Arrange all treatment

What type of patient education would you give respiratory distressed patients?

- Hydrate to loosen up mucus - High calorie diet due to difficulty with metabolic functions because of lack of oxygen - Smoking cessation

What will you hear with emphysema patients?

- Wheezing | - Crackles

How do you treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, emphysema, and pneumonia?

- Bronchodilators (Albuterol [acute]/Ipratropium[anticholinergic]) - Anti-inflammatories/Corticosteroids (Prednisone/Fluticasone) - Cromolyn

When is cromolyn contracindicated?

With an asthma attack (better for prevention)

What is the function of cromolyn?

- Mass cell stabilizer | - Prevent edema and itching

What are the 3 antibiotics used to treat Pulmonary TB?

- Rifampin - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide

What will you hear with chronic bronchitis patients?

- Wheezing - Crackles - Ronchi

When is a patient's bronchitis labeled as chronic?

Acquired 2-3 times a year for more than 2 years

What will you hear with asthma patients?

- Wheezing | - Hyper-resonance

What will you hear with pneumonia patients?

- Wheezing - Crackles - Dull chest percussion

What will you hear with COPD?

- Wheezing - Crackles - Hyper-resonance

How will you ventilate COPD patients?

Venturi mask

What SpO2 level must you maintain for COPD patients?

92%

What is beclomethasone?

Steroid

What does beclomethasone prevent?

- Chest tightness - Difficulty breathing - Coughing caused by asthma

What is the side effect of erythromycin?

Tinnitus, which can lead to deafness

What is Heparin?

Anticoagulant

How do you administer Heparin?

- SC | - IV

How do you reverse malignant hyperthermia?

Administer dantreline

What causes malignant hyperthermia?

A reaction to succinylcholine

What is the best position to facilitate patient breathing?

Semi-Fowler's and above/ >45 degrees

If a patient has to cough or do deep breathing exercises, what should they do with the incision site?

Splint it with their hands or pillow

What must you do when you walk into a patient's room and they are in the tripod position?

- Re-arrange them - Bed up to semi-fowler's and above/>45 degrees - Oxygen on

What is increased hematocrit and BUN indicative of?

Dehydration

What is increased creatinine and BUN indicative of?

Renal/Kidney failure

What is the first sign of anemia?

Fatigue

What is the first sign of hypovolemia?

Tachycardia

When do you not massage a patient's legs?

When they have a DVT

What must you do before you ambulate a patient for PT?

Administer medications

What will diuretics do for a patient pre-op?

- Sodium loss | - Potassium loss

What do patients with pulmonary embolisms present with?

- SOB - No change in SpO2 - Possible hypertension - Restlessness

What are DVT prophylaxis?

- Lovanox (SC) | - Heparin (IV)

What do you encourage for respiratory distressed patients?

- Good incentive spirometry | - Ambulation