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Nursing School > NUR 133 - Exam 1; Team Blueprint > Flashcards

NUR 133 - Exam 1; Team Blueprint Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two important things to remember when it comes to cultural competence?

A
  • Respect anything that goes along with their culture when you can
  • Sometimes their religion is more important than their health, which helps promote healing process
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2
Q

What is the most common complication with tracheal suctioning?

A

Hypoxia.

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3
Q

When do you deem a patient has learned to self-suction their tracheostomy?

A

When they demonstrate it back to you.

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4
Q

What is Phlebitis?

A

Inflammation of a vein.

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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of phlebitis?

A
  • Swelling
  • Warm to the touch
  • Erythema
  • Red-streaking
  • Pain
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6
Q

What are the identifiers for blood transfusion procedures?

A
  • Confirm patient blood type

- Make sure it is compatible

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7
Q

When do you measure VS for a patient who will receive a blood transfusion?

A

15 minutes before, during, and after.

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8
Q

What do you do with any reaction to a blood transfusion?

A

Stop immediately.

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9
Q

What are some moderate adverse effects from blood transfusions?

A
  • Mild itching
  • Urticaria
  • Flushing (redness of face)
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10
Q

What are the anaphylactic transfusion reactions?

A
  • Bronchospasm
  • Laryngeal edema
  • Hypotension
  • Shock
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11
Q

What are important time factors for blood transfusions?

A
  • Administer within 30 minutes of receiving blood

- Transfusions are not to go for longer than 4 hours

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12
Q

ABG’s for Respiratory Acidosis.

A

High CO2; Low pH

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13
Q

ABG’s for Respiratory Alkalosis.

A

Low CO2; High pH

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14
Q

ABG’s for Metabolic Acidosis.

A

Low Bicarb; Low pH

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15
Q

ABG’s for Metabolic Alkalosis.

A

High Bicarb; Low pH

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16
Q

What is Bicarbonate’s relationship to pH?

A

Direct relationship

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17
Q

What is CO2’s relationship to pH?

A

Inverse relationship

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18
Q

What is the main cause of metabolic acidosis?

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

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19
Q

What is the antacid and diuretic that can cause metabolic alkalosis?

A
  • TUMS

- Lasix

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20
Q

What occurs during uncompensation of ABG’s?

A
  • pH is out of range
  • Either CO2 or Bicarb is off
  • Body hasn’t responded yet
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21
Q

What occurs during partial compensation of ABG’s?

A
  • pH is not able to normalize
  • Bicarb and CO2 are off
  • All 3 are off
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22
Q

What occurs during full compensation of ABG’s?

A
  • pH returns to normal
  • Bicarb and CO2 might be off
  • Body is cleaning up what it can
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23
Q

What can cause respiratory acidosis?

A

Hypoventilation

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24
Q

How can you treat respiratory acidosis?

A

Hyperventilate them

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25
Q

What can cause respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • Hypokalemia

- Excessive CO2 elimination

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26
Q

Where do you draw blood for ABG’s?

A

Radial artery

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27
Q

What are the important medications to know if a patient has taken any pre-op?

A
  • Diuretics
  • OTC’s
  • Herbal remedies
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28
Q

What is a nurse’s role in obtaining patient consent?

A

Nurse must witness patient cooperatively sign consent to provider

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29
Q

What is the important history to obtain for patients pre-op?

A
  • Past medical history
  • Blood type
  • Allergies
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30
Q

What is septic shock biologically activated by?

A

Endotoxins causing massive vasodilation

31
Q

What are the common causes for septic shock?

A
  • Pneumonia

- UTI’s

32
Q

What is the BP when patient is in compensatory shock?

A

WNL

33
Q

If the BP is less than 90, what kind of shock the patient experiencing?

A

Septic shock

34
Q

What occurs during irreversible shock?

A
  • Metabolic acidosis

- Multi-organ failure

35
Q

What do you administer if patient in septic shock isn’t responding to fluids and has a low BP?

A

Norepinephrine

36
Q

What diagnostics do you perform for patients with suspected or actual septic shock?

A
  • Chest X-ray
  • CBC
  • Urine sample
37
Q

What is the purpose of diagnostics for septic shock patients?

A

To determine the origin and which medication to administer.

38
Q

What are the signs and symptoms for sepsis?

A
  • Dehydration

- Confusion

39
Q

What is hypovolemic shock?

A

Excessive fluid shift due to diuresis or loss of any fluids (water, blood, etc)

40
Q

What are the first signs of hypovolemic shock?

A
  • Tachycardia

- Hypotension

41
Q

What are the priorities in sending in patient for surgery pre-op?

A
  • Get a good history
  • NPO
  • Arrange all treatment
42
Q

What type of patient education would you give respiratory distressed patients?

A
  • Hydrate to loosen up mucus
  • High calorie diet due to difficulty with metabolic functions because of lack of oxygen
  • Smoking cessation
43
Q

What will you hear with emphysema patients?

A
  • Wheezing

- Crackles

44
Q

How do you treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, emphysema, and pneumonia?

A
  • Bronchodilators (Albuterol [acute]/Ipratropium[anticholinergic])
  • Anti-inflammatories/Corticosteroids (Prednisone/Fluticasone)
  • Cromolyn
45
Q

When is cromolyn contracindicated?

A

With an asthma attack (better for prevention)

46
Q

What is the function of cromolyn?

A
  • Mass cell stabilizer

- Prevent edema and itching

47
Q

What are the 3 antibiotics used to treat Pulmonary TB?

A
  • Rifampin
  • Isoniazid
  • Pyrazinamide
48
Q

What will you hear with chronic bronchitis patients?

A
  • Wheezing
  • Crackles
  • Ronchi
49
Q

When is a patient’s bronchitis labeled as chronic?

A

Acquired 2-3 times a year for more than 2 years

50
Q

What will you hear with asthma patients?

A
  • Wheezing

- Hyper-resonance

51
Q

What will you hear with pneumonia patients?

A
  • Wheezing
  • Crackles
  • Dull chest percussion
52
Q

What will you hear with COPD?

A
  • Wheezing
  • Crackles
  • Hyper-resonance
53
Q

How will you ventilate COPD patients?

A

Venturi mask

54
Q

What SpO2 level must you maintain for COPD patients?

A

92%

55
Q

What is beclomethasone?

A

Steroid

56
Q

What does beclomethasone prevent?

A
  • Chest tightness
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Coughing caused by asthma
57
Q

What is the side effect of erythromycin?

A

Tinnitus, which can lead to deafness

58
Q

What is Heparin?

A

Anticoagulant

59
Q

How do you administer Heparin?

A
  • SC

- IV

60
Q

How do you reverse malignant hyperthermia?

A

Administer dantreline

61
Q

What causes malignant hyperthermia?

A

A reaction to succinylcholine

62
Q

What is the best position to facilitate patient breathing?

A

Semi-Fowler’s and above/ >45 degrees

63
Q

If a patient has to cough or do deep breathing exercises, what should they do with the incision site?

A

Splint it with their hands or pillow

64
Q

What must you do when you walk into a patient’s room and they are in the tripod position?

A
  • Re-arrange them
  • Bed up to semi-fowler’s and above/>45 degrees
  • Oxygen on
65
Q

What is increased hematocrit and BUN indicative of?

A

Dehydration

66
Q

What is increased creatinine and BUN indicative of?

A

Renal/Kidney failure

67
Q

What is the first sign of anemia?

A

Fatigue

68
Q

What is the first sign of hypovolemia?

A

Tachycardia

69
Q

When do you not massage a patient’s legs?

A

When they have a DVT

70
Q

What must you do before you ambulate a patient for PT?

A

Administer medications

71
Q

What will diuretics do for a patient pre-op?

A
  • Sodium loss

- Potassium loss

72
Q

What do patients with pulmonary embolisms present with?

A
  • SOB
  • No change in SpO2
  • Possible hypertension
  • Restlessness
73
Q

What are DVT prophylaxis?

A
  • Lovanox (SC)

- Heparin (IV)

74
Q

What do you encourage for respiratory distressed patients?

A
  • Good incentive spirometry

- Ambulation

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