NUR 102 Exam 1: Blueprint Flashcards
What are the 5 nursing competencies?
- Assessing
- Diagnosing
- Planning
- Implementing
- Evaluating
What is the function of QSEN?
A project preparing future nurses with knowledge, skills, attitudes (KSAs) to continuously improve quality and safety of the HCS.
What are the competencies of QSEN?
- Safety
- Patient-centered Care
- Evidence-Based Practice
- Informatics
- Quality Improvement
- Teamwork and Collaboration
What is the order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs from least to most necessary?
- Physiological
- Safety
- Love and Belonging
- Self-esteem
- Self-actualization
What are some nursing mnemonics to utilize Maslow’s Hierarchy in patient care?
- Help; observe and see if patient needs it
- Environmental Equipment; safety
- Look: Examine the patient thoroughly
- People: Who are the people in the room? What are they doing?
What is the nursing care necessary to meet needs in each level of Maslow’s hierarchy?
- Help maintain life, feed, use the bathroom, comfortable, oxygen,
- Encouraging spiritual practices and independent decision making, hand hygiene, administer meds knowledgeably
- Include friends and family in care of patient, establish trusting relationship with patient
- Respecting patient values, beliefs and setting attainable goals for them
- Provide a sense of direction, hope and maximize patient potential; autonomy
What are the aims of teaching and counseling?
- Patient education in KSAs to improve and maintain health
- Help patients and families maximize their functioning and quality of life
- Provide resources and support for patients to actively participate in self-care
What are the topics in teaching and counseling?
- Promoting health
- Preventing illness
- Restoring Health
- Facilitating coping
How do you maximize the effectiveness of patient teaching?
- T; tune into patient
- E; edit patient information
- A; act on teaching opportunities
- C; clarify often
- H; honor patient as a partner in education process
Like the nursing competencies, what are the steps of the teaching-learning process?
- ADDDPIE
- Extra D for developing learning outcomes and teaching plan
What are the factors that are assessed in the learning process?
- Age & Developmental level
- Family support networks
- Financial resources
- Language deficits
- Cultural influences
- Health literacy
How do nurses facilitate behavioral change?
Do not tell patients what to do to solve problem, but assist and guide them to solve problems and make decisions.
What are 4 concerns of the nurse advocate?
- Representing patients
- Promoting self-determination
- Whistle-blowing
- Being politically active
How do you break the cycle of infection?
- Hand hygiene
- Immunization
- Cough etiquette
- Clean work environment
- Antibiotics
- Proper disposal of needles
- PPE
What is the difference between medical and surgical asepsis?
- Medical reduces number or microbes (clean)
- Surgical eliminates all microbes (sterile)
What are the 5 moments for hand hygiene?
- Before touching a patient
- Before clean or aseptic procedures
- After bodily fluid exposure
- After touching a patient
- After touching patient surroundings
What are the steps in the infection chain?
- Causative agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Transmission
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible host
What are the 4 stages of infection?
- Incubation period; Organisms growing
- Prodromal stage; Most infectious
- Full (acute) stage of illness; Presence of symptoms
- Convalescent period; Recovery
What factors increase risk of infection in patients?
- Skin integrity
- pH levels
- Integrity and number of WBCs
- Age, sex, race and heredity
- Level of fatigue
- Nutritional and general health status
- Presence of pre-illness
- Certain medications
- Stress
- Use of invasive/dwelling medical devices
What is the difference between standard and transmission-based precautions?
- Standard is for every patient
- Transmission-based is dependent on isolation
Which factors help determine the type of isolation used?
- Causative organism
- Way organism is transmitted
- If pathogen is antibiotic resistant or not
What are the 8 factors that affect safety?
- Developmental considerations
- Lifestyle/Environment
- Mobility
- Sensory perception
- Knowledge
- Communication
- Physical state
- Psycho-social
What are the extrinsic fall factors?
- Lack of stair handrails
- Poor stair design
- Lack of bathroom grab bars
- Dim lighting or glare
- Obstacles/Tripping hazards
- Slippery/Uneven surfaces
- Psychoactive medications
What are the intrinsic fall factors?
- Older age
- Previous falls
- Muscle weakness
- Gait and balance problems
- Poor vision
- Postural hypo-tension
- Chronic conditions (arthritis, diabetes, stroke, etc.)
- Fear of falling
What are major steps in applying restraints (last resort)?
- Secure order from PCP
- Ensure that two fingers can be placed between restraint and patient’s extremity
- Use a quick-release knot on bed frame NOT side rail
- Remove restraint every 2 hours/According to facility policy and patient need
- Keep call bell within reach
What is the general physiology for maintaining temperature?
- Hypothalamus controls thermoregulation
- Nor(epinephrine) are released to increase heat
- Sympathetic nervous system controls shunts to release heat
What are the b ms of heat transfer?
- Radiation (uncovered skin)
- Convection (fan blowing on you)
- Evaporation (sweat)
- Conduction (heat to ice pack)
What is the normal range of body temperatures?
96.7-100.5
What is the physiology of the pulse?
- Regulated by the autonomic nervous system through SA node
- Parasympathetic (vagus nerve) stimulation decreases HR
- Sympathetic stimulation increases HR and forces contraction
What is the normal pulse rate for adolescents and adults?
60-100 bpm.
What is the most powerful respiratory stimulant?
Carbon dioxide.
Which part of the brain allows for voluntary breathing?
Cerebral cortex.
What is the stretching and distending of the elastic arterial walls called?
Compliance.
What are the mechanisms of short-term BP regulation?
Through neural and humoral (pertaining to body fluids).
Where do the mechanisms for long-term BP regulation occur?
Through the extracellular fluids in the kidneys.
What is considered a drastic change in an individuals blood pressure?
When the rise or fall is around 20-30 mm Hg.
What are the ranges for different categories of BP?
- Normal; <120/80
- Elevated; 120-129/80
- Hypertension Stage 1: 130-39/80-89
- Hypertension Stage 2: 140-179/90-119
- Hypertensive Crisis: >180/>120
What are the 3 channels of communication?
- Auditory
- Visual
- Kinesthetic
What are the components of the communication process?
- Encoder
- Decoder
- Verbal/Non-verbal message
- Interpersonal variables
- Feedback/Environment
What are the 3 phases of the helping relationship?
A. Orientation phase
- when the nurse and patient meet and get to know one another
B. Working phase
- when the nurse and patient work together to solve problems and accomplish goals
C. Termination phase
- during the end of the relationship
What are the 10 forms of non-verbal communication?
- Touch
- Eye contact
- Facial expressions
- Posture
- Gait
- Gestures
- General physical appearance
- Mode of Dress and Grooming
- Sounds
- Silence
How do you prepare to interact with a patient with cultural differences?
Identifying prejudices or attitudes that could affect interactions.
What are the 7 Non-therapeutic Questions and Comments?
- Cliches
- Yes/No Questions
- Why and How Questions
- Info Probing Questions
- Leading Questions
- Advising Comments
- Judgmental Comments
What are other disruptive forms of communication?
- Changing the subject
- Giving false assurance
- Gossip and rumor
- Disruptive behavior (incivility)
What are the variables that affect the movement and alignment?
- Developmental
- Physical/Mental health
- Lifestyle
- Attitude
- Values
- Fatigue
- Stress
- External factors (weather)
What are the 3 types of muscle contracting exercises?
- Isotonic
- Isometric
- Isokinetic
What is isotonic exercise?
- Muscle shortening
- Active movement
- Walking/Jogging
What is isometric exercise?
- Muscle contraction w/o shortening
- Yoga poses/Planks
What is isokinetic exercise?
- Muscle contractions with resistance
- Lifting weights
When preparing to sit, what side of the body should the crutches be on?
The affected side.
How does a patient ambulate with a cane?
- Weight distributed evenly between feet and cane
- Cane on strong side and advanced ahead
- Weaker side goes first
- Stronger side finishes
What are some safe techniques for walker use?
- Non-skid shoes/slippers
- Move walker forward
- One foot at a time inside stationary walker
- Never push walker out too far ahead of you
- Not to use on stairs
What factors affect personal hygiene?
- Culture
- Socioeconomic class
- Spiritual practices
- Developmental level
- Health state
- Personal preferences
What are the 5 categories of scheduled care?
- Early morning care
- Morning care (AM care)
- Afternoon care (PM care)
- Hour of sleep care (HS care)
- As needed care (PRN care)
What does SBAR stand for?
- Situation
- Background
- Assessment
- Recommendation
What does FDAR stand for?
- Focus
- Data
- Action
- Response
