Exam 3; Professor's YSKT Flashcards
What are the initial symptoms of HIV?
- Flu-like symptoms
- Mouth sores
Which medication do you use to treat low white blood cell counts?
Neupogen
Which medication do you use to treat low red blood cell counts?
Epogen
Which medication do you use to treat low platelet counts?
Neumega
What kind of diet do you want a cancer patient on?
- Bland
- Nutritious
What are your ABCDE’s for TSSE’s?
- Asymmetry
- Borders
- Color
- Diameter
- Evolving
What is the main concern with laryngectomy patients?
- Stoma
- Airway clearance
What is the main concern with breast cancer patients?
- Metastasis
- Lymphedema nursing care
What is the primary prevention method for skin cancer?
- Avoid sun exposure
- Sunscreen
Most important thing to do for nursing care with someone with AIDS?
Comfort them
Patient with end-stage HIV is considered to have what?
AIDS
1st sign of anaphylactic reaction?
Stridor (upper airway obstruction)
What tests do they utilize for HIV?
- ELISA
- Western blotting
How would one tell that they are infected?
Elevated WBCs (5,000-10,000 is WNL).
What is the most important thing for a patient dealing with breast cancer?
Acceptance.
What education is important for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy?
- Radiation therapy & quarantine
- List of things they should bring
- Leave things outside their door
What are the first signs of an infection?
Fever.
What are the two medications you would give to someone on chemotherapy?
- Anti-emetics
- Steroid therapy
What is the side effect of tamoxifen?
Hot flashes.
What is a major side effect of chemotherapy?
Kills the bad and the good cells.
What do you do with a patient who is leukopenic (decreased WBC count)?
Isolate them so they don’t get any type of infection.
What is the first sign of laryngeal cancer?
Hoarseness, followed by dysphagia.
What information does a patient’s albumin level tell us?
Their nutritional status.
What are the s&s of a simple allergic reaction?
- Urticaria
- Swollen tongue
- No respiratory difficulty
How do you treat a simple allergic reaction?
Diphenhydramine.
How do you treat Anaphylaxis?
- Epinephrine
- Fluids to decrease BP
What safety action do you take with patients undergoing chemotherapy?
Monitor what goes into the room because things such as flowers or sushi can introduce bacteria into the environment and an infection will occur.
What is the biggest education piece for patients diagnosed with immunosuppression disorder?
Always educate on prevention.
What aspect of care is important with patients in end-stage HIV?
Nutrition is important to increase body weight and protein.
Which abnormal genes indicate a higher chance of breast cancer?
- BRCA 1
- BRCA 2
What do Tx, Nx, and Mx mean?
The concerned area cannot be measured.
What do T1-T4 refer to?
The size of the tumor from smaller to larger.
What does N0 mean in grading?
No cancer in nearby lymph nodes.
What does M0 mean in grading?
Cancer has not spread to other parts of body.
What does M1 mean in grading?
Cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
What does western blot test have to do with HIV?
Used in conjunction with ELISA to confirm HIV statuses.
What is the difference between palliative care and hospice care?
- Palliative care is more long-term (longer than 6 months)
- Hospice care is geared towards end-of-life care (6 months or less)
What is the priority care of laryngectomy patients?
Airway clearance.
What are Actinic Keratoses?
Pre-cancerous lesions on epidermis.
What type of skin cancer is most common?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma details.
- Rough, scaly lesions on epidermis
- Central ulceration and crusting
- Can metastasize
Basal Cell Carcinoma details.
- Small, waxy nodule on epidermis
- High rate of reoccurrence
- Erythema and ulcerations
Malignant Melanoma details.
- Irregular shape
- Borders multiple colors
- New/changed mole
- Can occur wherever pigment cells are (i.e. Melanosis in intestines)
- Rapid invasion and metastasis
Why do you use a combination of 3 drugs with the HAART method?
- To attack the virus from multiple instances
- To decrease the viral load
What is leukopenia?
Low WBC count.
What is thrombocytopenia?
Low platelet count.
What do you do for Cryptosoridium?
Collect stool and test for parasites.
What is Cytomegalovirus?
Opportunistic infection leading to retinitis.
What else will a western blot test indicate?
If the patient is immunosuppressed.
What is Cryptococcus Meningitis?
An opportunistic infection leading to a stiff neck and seizures.
What is Kaposi Sarcoma?
An opportunistic infection leading to red, purple, brown lesions all over the body.
What are the 5 types of drugs given for the HAART method?
- Fusion Entry Inhibitor
- NRTI’s (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor)
- Integrase Inhibitor
- NNRTI’s (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor)
- Protease Inhibitors
Enfuviritide facts.
- Fusion Entry Inhibitor
- Stops HIV from entering CD4 cells
- Red, itchy, bruising at infusion site
Zidovudine facts.
- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)
- Used for HIV prevention in childbirth
- Treatment for congenital HIV
Raltegravir facts.
- Integrase Inhibitor
- Always included in therapy
- Decreases amount of HIV in blood by blocking retroviral replication
Delavirdine facts.
- Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
- Binds & blocks reverse transcriptase which converts RNA to DNA
Efavirenz facts.
- Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
- Binds & blocks reverse transcriptase which converts RNA to DNA
Ritonavir facts.
- Protease Inhibitors
- Prevents HIV growth by disrupting ability to form a chain where replication occurs
Saquinavir facts.
- Protease Inhibitors
- Prevents HIV growth by disrupting ability to form a chain where replication occurs
