NUR 102 Exam 1, Week 1: Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Burnout
A
- Cumulative state of frustration with work environment developed over a long time- Behaviors exhibited as the result of prolonged occupational stress
2
Q
Compassion Fatigue
A
Loss of satisfaction from providing good patient care.
3
Q
Health
A
State of optimal functioning or well-being.
4
Q
Licensure
A
To be given a license to practice nursing in a state or province after successfully meeting requirements.
5
Q
Mindfulness
A
- Capacity to intentionally bring awareness to present-moment experience with an attitude of openness and curiosity- Mindfulness promotes healing as you pause, focus on the present, and listen
6
Q
Nurse Practice Act
A
Law established to regulate nursing practice.
7
Q
Nursing
A
- Profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving health care services- Provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health
8
Q
Nursing Process
A
- Five-step systematic method for giving patient care- Involves (ADPIE) assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating
9
Q
Profession
A
An occupation that meets specific criteria including a well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, a code of ethics and standards, ongoing research, and autonomy.
10
Q
Reciprocity
A
Process allowing a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse in another state.
11
Q
Secondary Traumatic Stress
A
Feeling of despair caused by the transfer of emotional distress from a victim to a caregiver, which often develops suddenly.
12
Q
Standards
A
Rules or guidelines that allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is given.
13
Q
Applied Research
A
Research designed to directly influence or improve clinical practice.
14
Q
Basic Research
A
Research designed to generate and refine theory; the findings are often not directly useful in practice.
15
Q
Concept
A
Abstract images (ideas) that are formed as impressions from the environment and organized into symbols of reality.
16
Q
Conceptual Framework Model
A
Set of concepts, along with the statements that arrange the concepts into an understandable pattern.
17
Q
Deductive Reasoning
A
Cognitive process in which one examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas.
18
Q
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
A
Nursing care provided that is supported by sound scientific rationale.
19
Q
Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines
A
Guidelines written by a panel of experts that synthesize information from multiple studies and recommend best practices to treat patients with a disease, a symptom, or a disability.
20
Q
Inductive Reasoning
A
Cognitive process in which one identifies a specific idea or action and then makes conclusions about general ideas.
21
Q
Informed Consent
A
Knowledgeable, voluntary permission obtained from a patient to perform a specific test or procedure.
22
Q
Nursing Research
A
Encompasses both research to improve the care of people in the clinical setting and to study people and the nursing profession, including education, policy development, ethics, and nursing history.
23
Q
Nursing Theory
A
Differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices.
24
Q
Qualitative Research
A
Method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings.
25
Quality Improvement (QI)
The commitment and approach used to continuously improve every process in every part of an organization, with the intent of meeting and exceeding customer expectations and outcomes—also known as continuous quality improvement (CQI) or total quality management (TQM).
26
Quantitative Research
Research involving the concepts of basic and applied research.
27
Systematic Review
Summarized findings from multiple studies of a specific clinical practice question or topic that recommend practice changes and future directions for research; one of the strongest sources of evidence for evidence-based practice.
28
Theory
Statement based on observed facts that explains or characterizes a process, an occurrence, or an event, but cannot be proved directly or absolutely as a fact.
29
Adherence
Commitment to a person, cause or belief.
30
Affective Learning
Changes in attitudes, values, and feelings.
31
Andragogy
Study of teaching adults.
32
Cognitive Learning
Storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain.
33
Contractual Agreement
Pact made between two persons or parties for the achievement of mutually set goals.
34
Counseling
Giving guidance, assisting with problem solving.
35
Formal Teaching
Planned teaching based on learner objectives.
36
Health Literacy
Ability to read, understand and act on health information.
37
Informal Teaching
Unplanned teaching sessions dealing with the patient’s immediate learning needs and concerns.
38
Instructional Materials
Objects or vehicles used to communicate information that supplements the teaching method.
39
Negative Reinforcement
An ineffective teaching strategy that uses criticism or punishment.
40
Nurse Coach
Registered nurse who integrates coaching competencies into any setting or specialty area of practice to facilitate a process of change or development that assists individuals or groups to realize their potential.
41
Patient Education
Process of influencing the patient’s behavior to effect changes in knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to maintain and improve health.
42
Pedagogy
Science of teaching that generally refers to the teaching of children and adolescents.
43
Positive Reinforcement
Affirmation of efforts of patients.
44
Psychomotor Learning
Acquisition of physical skills.
45
Autocratic Leadership
Leadership style in which the leader assumes complete control over the decisions and activities of the group.
46
Care Coordination
Deliberate organization of patient care activities between two or more participants (including the patient) to facilitate the appropriate delivery of quality health care services in an efficient person-centered manner; mechanism to make sure that patients get the right care at the right time in the most efficient and cost-effective manner, by the right person in the right setting.
47
Conflict Engagement
Method by which nurses can comfortably and respectfully address conflict in the workplace (rather than avoiding conflict) by creating connections with others to build trust.
48
Conflict Management
Process used to work through conflicts in a way that minimizes negative effects and promotes positive consequences.
49
Decentralized Decision-Making Process
Autonomous, accountable professional nursing practice; a characteristic of a democratic leadership style and the heart of a self-governance model of unit organization.
50
Democratic Leadership
Leadership style characterized by a sense of equality between the leader and followers.
51
Explicit Power
Power obtained by virtue of a person’s position.
52
Implied Power
Power obtained by force of a person’s personality that might enable that person to have more power to influence others than designated leaders.
53
Just Culture
Refers to an organization’s commitment to accountability and a focus supporting universal safety in health care.
54
Laissez-Faire Leadership
Leadership style in which the leader relinquishes all power to the group.
55
Quantum Leadership
Leadership that moves beyond the traditional modes previously experienced by all levels of workers; spawned by the impact of the information age on work and the worker.
56
Servant Leadership
Philosophy and set of practices that begins with the natural feeling of wanting to serve; its aim is to enrich the lives of individuals, build better organizations, and ultimately creates a more just and caring world.
57
Transactional Leadership
Leadership style based on maintaining control by rewarding good behavior and punishing negative or detrimental behavior.
58
Transformational Leadership
Type of leadership in which the person creates revolutionary change and commits to the personal and professional growth of self and others.
59
Accountable Care Organization (ACO)
Group of health care entities (e.g., hospitals, primary care settings, and specialty care practices) organized via incentives to deliver the most efficient and high-quality care for the population served.
60
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)
Registered nurse educated at the master’s or post-master’s level in a specific role and for a specific population; examples include nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, nurse anesthetists, and nurse midwives.
61
Ambulatory Care
Health care settings located in areas that are convenient for people to walk into and receive care; may be provided in hospitals, clinics, or centers.
62
Capitation
Fixed amount per patient for a specified time period paid to a health care service provider for the delivery of health care services.
63
Care Coordination
Deliberate organization of patient care activities between two or more participants (including the patient) to facilitate the appropriate delivery of quality health care services in an efficient person-centered manner; mechanism to make sure that patients get the right care at the right time in the most efficient and cost-effective manner, by the right person in the right setting.
64
Community Health Center
Regionalized service for vulnerable geographic populations with an emphasis on primary care and education, established to ensure that everyone who needs care has access regardless of ability to pay.
65
Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG)
Classification of patients by major medical diagnosis for the purpose of standardizing health care costs.
66
Entitlement Reform
Proposed legislation making changes in entitlement benefits, such as Medicare and Medicaid, paid by the government to citizens, with the goal of improving the nation’s budget.
67
Extended-Care Services
Organizations, family members, and other caregivers that provide medical and non-medical care for people with chronic illnesses or disabilities who are physically or mentally unable to care for themselves independently.
68
Health Insurance Marketplace
Federal and state system designed to help people more easily find health insurance that fits their budget and needs with a plan offering comprehensive coverage, from doctors to medications to hospital visits; insurance options can be compared based on price, benefits, quality, and other features described in plain language.
69
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
Prepaid, group-managed care plan that allows subscribers to receive all the medical services they require through a group of affiliated providers; there may be no additional out-of-pocket costs, or subscribers may pay only a small fee, called a copayment.
70
High Reliability Organization
Organization that operates in a complex, high-hazard domain for an extended period without serious accidents or catastrophic failures.
71
Inpatient
Person who enters a health care setting for a stay ranging from 24 hours to many years.
72
Managed Care
An organized, high-quality, cost-effective system of health care that influences the selection and use of health care services of a population.
73
Medicaid
Title XIX (Social Security Act, 1965) to make health care available to those people with less than the minimum income who do not qualify for Medicare.
74
Medical Home
An enhanced model of primary care that provides whole-person, accessible, comprehensive, ongoing, and coordinated patient-centered care.
75
Medical Neighborhood
Patient-centered medical home and the constellation of other clinicians providing health care services to patients within it, along with community and social service organizations and state and local public health facilities.
76
Medicare
Title XVIII (Social Security Act, 1965) to provide a measure of health coverage to all Social Security recipients.
77
Multipayer System
Health care system in which care is paid for by both private insurance companies and the government.
78
Multi-Specialty Group Practice
Organization of physicians from different specialties joined to share income, expenses, facilities, equipment, and support staff; the group practice can better provide comprehensive care.
79
Outpatient
Person who requires health care services but does not need to stay in an institution for those services.
80
Palliative Care
Giving patients with life-threatening illnesses the best quality of life they can have through the aggressive management of symptoms.
81
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)
2010 federal legislation designed for comprehensive health reform, with an intent to expand coverage, control health care costs, and improve the health care delivery system.
82
Pay For Performance
Strategy using financial incentives to reward providers for achieving a range of payer objectives, including delivery efficiencies, submission of data and measures to the payer, and improved quality and patient safety.
83
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
Prepaid group practice that allows a third-party payer (such as an insurance company) to contract with a group of health care providers to administer services at a lower fee in return for prompt payment and a guaranteed volume of patients and services.
84
Respite Care
Care provided for caregivers of homebound ill, disabled, or older adult patients.
85
Single-Payer System
Health care system in which the government collects all health care fees via taxes and pays out all health care costs.
86
Value-Based Purchasing
Program that measures, reports, and rewards excellence in health care delivery, taking into consideration access, price, quality, efficiency, and alignment of incentives.
87
Blended Competencies
Set of intellectual, interpersonal, technical, and ethical/legal capacities needed to practice professional nursing.
88
Clinical Judgment
Refers to the result (outcome) of critical thinking or clinical reasoning; the conclusion, decision, or opinion a nurse makes.
89
Clinical Reasoning
Specific term usually referring to ways of thinking about patient care issues (determining, preventing, and managing patient problems); for reasoning about other clinical issues (e.g., teamwork, collaboration, and streamlining work flow); nurses usually use critical thinking.
90
Concept Mapping
Instructional strategy that requires learners to identify, graphically display, and link key concepts.
91
Creative Thinking
Process involving imagination, intuition, and spontaneity—factors that underpin the art of nursing.
92
Critical Thinking
Thought that is disciplined, comprehensive, based on intellectual standards, and, as a result, well-reasoned; a systematic way to form and shape one’s thinking that functions purposefully and exactingly.
93
Critical Thinking Indicators
Evidence-based descriptions of behaviors that demonstrate the knowledge, characteristics, and skills that promote critical thinking in clinical practice.
94
Intuitive Problem Solving
Direct understanding of a situation based on a background of experience, knowledge, and skill that makes expert decision making possible.
95
Person-Centered Care
Model of patient care based on holistic roots in which the nurse or other caregiver uses every clinical encounter to assess how the person is doing and to communicate respect, compassion, and care.
96
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses, a project for preparing future nurses with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of the health care systems within which they work.
97
Reflective Practice
Occurs when the caregiver has a profound awareness of self, and one’s own biases, prejudgments, prejudices, and assumptions, and understands how these may affect the therapeutic relationship.
98
Scientific Problem Solving
Systematic problem-solving process that involves: - Problem identification- Data collection- Hypothesis formulation- Plan of action- Hypothesis testing- Interpretation of results- Evaluation resulting in conclusion or revision of the study
99
Standards for Critical Thinking
Clear, precise, specific, accurate, relevant, plausible, consistent, logical, deep, broad, complete, significant, adequate (for the purpose), and fair.
100
Therapeutic Relationship
Relationship between the caregiver and patient that is focused on promoting or restoring health and well-being of the patient.
101
Thoughtful Practice
Care of a patient by a clinician who utilizes clinical reasoning and reflective practice to guide thoughtful actions and person-centered processes of care.
102
Trial-and-Error Problem Solving
Method of problem solving that involves testing any number of solutions until one is found that works for that particular problem.
103
Airborne Transmission
Spreading of microorganisms that are less than 5 mcm when an infected host coughs, sneezes, or talks, or when the organism becomes attached to dust particles.
104
Antibody
Immunoglobulin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen.
105
Antigen
Foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response.
106
Antimicrobial
Antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth.
107
Asepsis
Absence of disease-producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection.
108
Bundles
Evidence-based best practices that have proven positive outcomes when implemented together to prevent infection.
109
Colonization
Presence of an organism residing in an individual’s body but with no clinical signs of infection.
110
Direct Contact
Way for organisms to enter the body that involves proximity between the susceptible host and an infected person or a carrier, such as through touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse.
111
Disinfection
Process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores.
112
Droplet Transmission
Transmission of particles greater than 5 mcm.
113
Endemic
Something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different geographical location.
114
Endogenous
Infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life harbored within the person.
115
Exogenous
Infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host.
116
Fomite
Objects or materials which are likely to carry infection (i.e. clothes, utensils, and furniture).
117
Fungi
Plant-like organisms (molds and yeasts) that can cause infection.
118
Health Care-Associated Infection (HAI)
Infection that was not present on admission to a health care institution and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions (nosocomial).
119
Iatrogenic
Infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure.
120
Indirect Contact
Personal contact with either a vector, a living creature that transmits an infectious agent to a human, usually an insect; or an inanimate object, called a fomite, such as equipment or countertops.
121
Isolation
Protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms; also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques.
122
Medical Asepsis
Practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique.
123
Nosocomial
Something originating or taking place in the hospital (i.e., infection).
124
Reservoir
Natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms.
125
Standard Precautions
CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions.
126
Sterilization
- Process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed- Surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile
127
Surgical Asepsis
Practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; synonym for sterile technique.
128
Transmission-Based Precautions
CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions.
129
Vector
Non-human carriers—such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice—that transmit organisms from one host to another.
130
Virulence
Ability to produce disease.
