Nucleic Acids

Question 1

most well known functions of nucleic acids

Answer 1

• informational macromolecule
• store hereditary information
• only molecule that can produce identical copies of itself

Question 2

types of nucleic acid

Answer 2

DNA, RNA

Question 3

other functions of nucleic acids

Answer 3

• chemical energy
• combines with other groups to form enzymes
• signal molecule
• evidence for evolution

Question 4

monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 4

nucleotide

Question 5

single unit of nucleic acids

Answer 5

nucleotide

Question 6

3 components of nucleotides

Answer 6

sugar
base
phospate

Question 7

how many types of sugar is there in nucleotides

Answer 7

2

Question 8

how many types of bases are there in nucleotides

Answer 8

5 types

Question 9

how many types of phosphates are there in nucleotides

Answer 9

1-3

Question 10

2 types of sugar in nucleotides

Answer 10

ribose (for RNA)
deoxyribose (for DNA)

Question 11

what makes deoxyribose and ribose different from eachother?

Answer 11

deoxyribose is missing an oxygen at the 2’ position, its just an H

Question 12

what are nucleotide/nitrogenous bases made of

Answer 12

carbon and nitrogen

Question 13

what is a purine and what are the examples

Answer 13

2 fused rings, includes adenine and guanine

Question 14

what is a pyrimidine and what are the examples

Answer 14

a single 6-sided ring

includes cytosine, thymine and uracil

Question 15

which purine has 2 H-bonds?

Answer 15

adenine

Question 16

which pyrimidine(s) have 2 H-bonds?

Answer 16

thymine and uracilw

Question 17

which purine has 3 H-bonds?

Answer 17

guanine

Question 18

which pyrimidine(s) have 3 H-bonds?

Answer 18

cytosine

Question 19

what is a nucleoside?

Answer 19

sugar+amine base part of a nucleic acid

Question 20

how are the sugars and bases connected in a nucleoside?

Answer 20

N-glycosidic bond

Question 21

describe the reaction that creates nucleoside

Answer 21

condensation between anomeric carbon of the sugar and the H on the base

Question 22

nucleoside - ribose sugar name for adenine?

Answer 22

adenosine

Question 23

nucleoside - ribose sugar name for guanine?

Answer 23

guanosine

Question 24

nucleoside - ribose sugar name for cytosine?

Answer 24

cytidine

Question 25

nucleoside - ribose sugar name for thymine?

Answer 25

thymidine

Question 26

nucleoside - ribose sugar name for uracil?

Answer 26

uridine

Question 27

how do you change the deoxyribose sugar name from the ribose sugar name

Answer 27

add a deoxy in front

Question 28

what makes up a nucleotide?

Answer 28

phosphate, sugar, amine base

Question 29

how many phosphate molecules can be attached?

Answer 29

1-3

Question 30

where do the phosphates attach on the sugar?

Answer 30

5' carbon

Question 31

how do you name the nucleotides?

Answer 31

nucleoside name + prefix-phospate

Question 32

phosphodiester bond

Answer 32

bond in nucleic acid chain beween OH and a phosphate

Question 33

how does DNA form the double helix?

Answer 33

2 strands held together by interactions between base pairs

Question 34

complementary base pairing is ALWAYS

Answer 34

between a purine and a pyrimidine

Question 35

sugar in DNA

Answer 35

deoxyribose

Question 36

sugar in RNA

Answer 36

ribose

Question 37

DNA bases

Answer 37

A,T,C,G

Question 38

RNA bases

Answer 38

A U C G

Question 39

where does the phosphate attach on a nucleoside?

Answer 39

at the 5' position

Question 40

what is the condensation reaction between on the nucleotide chain?

Answer 40

3' carbon and the 5' phosphate group

Question 41

what makes a lipid a lipi?

Answer 41

they are insoluble in water