Nucleic Acids Flashcards
most well known functions of nucleic acids
- informational macromolecule
- store hereditary information
- only molecule that can produce identical copies of itself
types of nucleic acid
DNA, RNA
other functions of nucleic acids
- chemical energy
- combines with other groups to form enzymes
- signal molecule
- evidence for evolution
monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotide
single unit of nucleic acids
nucleotide
3 components of nucleotides
sugar
base
phospate
how many types of sugar is there in nucleotides
2
how many types of bases are there in nucleotides
5 types
how many types of phosphates are there in nucleotides
1-3
2 types of sugar in nucleotides
ribose (for RNA)
deoxyribose (for DNA)
what makes deoxyribose and ribose different from eachother?
deoxyribose is missing an oxygen at the 2’ position, its just an H
what are nucleotide/nitrogenous bases made of
carbon and nitrogen
what is a purine and what are the examples
2 fused rings, includes adenine and guanine
what is a pyrimidine and what are the examples
a single 6-sided ring
includes cytosine, thymine and uracil
which purine has 2 H-bonds?
adenine
which pyrimidine(s) have 2 H-bonds?
thymine and uracilw
which purine has 3 H-bonds?
guanine
which pyrimidine(s) have 3 H-bonds?
cytosine
what is a nucleoside?
sugar+amine base part of a nucleic acid
how are the sugars and bases connected in a nucleoside?
N-glycosidic bond
describe the reaction that creates nucleoside
condensation between anomeric carbon of the sugar and the H on the base
nucleoside - ribose sugar name for adenine?
adenosine
nucleoside - ribose sugar name for guanine?
guanosine
nucleoside - ribose sugar name for cytosine?
cytidine
nucleoside - ribose sugar name for thymine?
thymidine
nucleoside - ribose sugar name for uracil?
uridine
how do you change the deoxyribose sugar name from the ribose sugar name
add a deoxy in front
what makes up a nucleotide?
phosphate, sugar, amine base
how many phosphate molecules can be attached?
1-3
where do the phosphates attach on the sugar?
5’ carbon
how do you name the nucleotides?
nucleoside name + prefix-phospate
phosphodiester bond
bond in nucleic acid chain beween OH and a phosphate
how does DNA form the double helix?
2 strands held together by interactions between base pairs
complementary base pairing is ALWAYS
between a purine and a pyrimidine
sugar in DNA
deoxyribose
sugar in RNA
ribose
DNA bases
A,T,C,G
RNA bases
A U C G
where does the phosphate attach on a nucleoside?
at the 5’ position
what is the condensation reaction between on the nucleotide chain?
3’ carbon and the 5’ phosphate group
what makes a lipid a lipi?
they are insoluble in water
