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Grade 12 Biology > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

most well known functions of nucleic acids

A
  • informational macromolecule
  • store hereditary information
  • only molecule that can produce identical copies of itself
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2
Q

types of nucleic acid

A

DNA, RNA

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3
Q

other functions of nucleic acids

A
  • chemical energy
  • combines with other groups to form enzymes
  • signal molecule
  • evidence for evolution
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4
Q

monomer of nucleic acids

A

nucleotide

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5
Q

single unit of nucleic acids

A

nucleotide

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6
Q

3 components of nucleotides

A

sugar
base
phospate

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7
Q

how many types of sugar is there in nucleotides

A

2

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8
Q

how many types of bases are there in nucleotides

A

5 types

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9
Q

how many types of phosphates are there in nucleotides

A

1-3

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10
Q

2 types of sugar in nucleotides

A

ribose (for RNA)
deoxyribose (for DNA)

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11
Q

what makes deoxyribose and ribose different from eachother?

A

deoxyribose is missing an oxygen at the 2’ position, its just an H

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12
Q

what are nucleotide/nitrogenous bases made of

A

carbon and nitrogen

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13
Q

what is a purine and what are the examples

A

2 fused rings, includes adenine and guanine

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14
Q

what is a pyrimidine and what are the examples

A

a single 6-sided ring

includes cytosine, thymine and uracil

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15
Q

which purine has 2 H-bonds?

A

adenine

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16
Q

which pyrimidine(s) have 2 H-bonds?

A

thymine and uracilw

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17
Q

which purine has 3 H-bonds?

A

guanine

18
Q

which pyrimidine(s) have 3 H-bonds?

A

cytosine

19
Q

what is a nucleoside?

A

sugar+amine base part of a nucleic acid

20
Q

how are the sugars and bases connected in a nucleoside?

A

N-glycosidic bond

21
Q

describe the reaction that creates nucleoside

A

condensation between anomeric carbon of the sugar and the H on the base

22
Q

nucleoside - ribose sugar name for adenine?

A

adenosine

23
Q

nucleoside - ribose sugar name for guanine?

A

guanosine

24
Q

nucleoside - ribose sugar name for cytosine?

A

cytidine

25
Q

nucleoside - ribose sugar name for thymine?

A

thymidine

26
Q

nucleoside - ribose sugar name for uracil?

A

uridine

27
Q

how do you change the deoxyribose sugar name from the ribose sugar name

A

add a deoxy in front

28
Q

what makes up a nucleotide?

A

phosphate, sugar, amine base

29
Q

how many phosphate molecules can be attached?

A

1-3

30
Q

where do the phosphates attach on the sugar?

A

5’ carbon

31
Q

how do you name the nucleotides?

A

nucleoside name + prefix-phospate

32
Q

phosphodiester bond

A

bond in nucleic acid chain beween OH and a phosphate

33
Q

how does DNA form the double helix?

A

2 strands held together by interactions between base pairs

34
Q

complementary base pairing is ALWAYS

A

between a purine and a pyrimidine

35
Q

sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

36
Q

sugar in RNA

A

ribose

37
Q

DNA bases

A

A,T,C,G

38
Q

RNA bases

A

A U C G

39
Q

where does the phosphate attach on a nucleoside?

A

at the 5’ position

40
Q

what is the condensation reaction between on the nucleotide chain?

A

3’ carbon and the 5’ phosphate group

41
Q

what makes a lipid a lipi?

A

they are insoluble in water

Grade 12 Biology (30 decks)

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