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Grade 12 Biology > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

sources of energy stored in the human body

A

glycogen (carbs), fatas, muscle tissue (protein)

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2
Q

purpose of cellular respiration

A

to convert stored energy in organic fuel to ATP

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3
Q

overall goal of cellular respiration

A

to transfer the energy in the bonds of organic molecules to a usable form of energy recognized by all cells (ATP)

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4
Q

Overall reaction of cellular respiration

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

36 ADP + 36 P -> 36 ATP (or 38)

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5
Q

types of cellular respiration + differentiate them

A
  • aerobic - in presence of oxygen
  • anaurobic - in absence of oxygen
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6
Q

describe the main steps in aerobic respiration

A
  • glycolysis
  • pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle
  • ETC, oxidative phosphorylation
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7
Q

list the main steps of anaerobic cellular respiration

A
  • glycolysis
  • alchoholic fermentation (yeast)
  • lactic acid fermentations (humans)
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8
Q

describe overview of glycolosis

A

breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate

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9
Q

what is the oxygen requirement for glycolosis

A

does NOT require O2 in the cytoplasm

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10
Q

describe the overview of oxidatice decarboxylation

A

pyruvate oxidation

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11
Q

describe the overview of Krebs/ citric acid cycle

A

completes the breakdown of glucose

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12
Q

reason for the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

A

to generate ATP

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13
Q

what steps of the 4 main stages of cellular respiration require )2 in the mitochondria

A

oxidative decarboxylation, Krebs /citric acid cycle, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

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14
Q

what are the two majoy phases in glycolysis

A

energy investment phase (steps 1-5) and the nergy payoff phase (steps 6-10)

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15
Q

step 1 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy

A

carbon 6 on glucose is phosphorylated using ATP to prevent glucose from elacing the cell

reaction type: phorphorylation
enzyme: kinase
energy: absorbed

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16
Q

step 2 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy

A

atoms are rearranged

reaction type: isonmerzation
enzyme: isomerase
energy: no change - equilibrium

17
Q

step 3 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy

A

carbon 1 phosphorylated to cause the molecule to be nergetically unstable

reaction type: phosphorylation
enzyme: kinase
energy: absorbed

18
Q

step 4 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy

A

unstable molecule then split into two molecules DHAP and G3P

reaction type: cleavage
enzyme: lyase
energy: no change - equilibrium

19
Q

step 5 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy

A

DHAP and G3P are isomers of eachother and shift between eachother, G3P continues on in glycolysis

reaction type: isonmerzation
enzyme: isomerase
energy: no change - equilibrium

20
Q

step 6 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy

A

NADH is created

reaction type: redox and phsophorylation
enzyme: dehydrogenase
energy: released

21
Q

step 7 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy

A

ADP phosphorylation to create ATP

reaction type: substrate level-phosphorylation
enzyme: kinase
energy: released

22
Q

step 8 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy

A

phosphate moved from carbon 3 to carbon 2

reaction type: isomerization
enzyme: isomerase
energy: no change - equilibrium

23
Q

step 9 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy

A

water removed to set up next reaction

reaction type: dehydration
enzyme: lyase
energy: released

24
Q

step 10 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy

A

ADP phosphorilation to ATP

reaction type: substrate level phosphorylation
enzyme: kinase
energy: released

25
Q

functions of dehydrogenase

A

transfers electrons from G3P to the oxidizing agent AND+ and NADH

uses energy from energonic transfer of electrons to add a phosphate from the cytosol to the oxidized G3P to form 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate

26
Q

what happens to the pyruvate after glycolysis

A

continue to Kreb cycle and the ETC to synthesize ATP only in the presence of O2

27
Q
A

Grade 12 Biology (21 decks)

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