Cellular Respiration Flashcards
sources of energy stored in the human body
glycogen (carbs), fatas, muscle tissue (protein)
purpose of cellular respiration
to convert stored energy in organic fuel to ATP
overall goal of cellular respiration
to transfer the energy in the bonds of organic molecules to a usable form of energy recognized by all cells (ATP)
Overall reaction of cellular respiration
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
36 ADP + 36 P -> 36 ATP (or 38)
types of cellular respiration + differentiate them
- aerobic - in presence of oxygen
- anaurobic - in absence of oxygen
describe the main steps in aerobic respiration
- glycolysis
- pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle
- ETC, oxidative phosphorylation
list the main steps of anaerobic cellular respiration
- glycolysis
- alchoholic fermentation (yeast)
- lactic acid fermentations (humans)
describe overview of glycolosis
breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
what is the oxygen requirement for glycolosis
does NOT require O2 in the cytoplasm
describe the overview of oxidatice decarboxylation
pyruvate oxidation
describe the overview of Krebs/ citric acid cycle
completes the breakdown of glucose
reason for the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
to generate ATP
what steps of the 4 main stages of cellular respiration require )2 in the mitochondria
oxidative decarboxylation, Krebs /citric acid cycle, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
what are the two majoy phases in glycolysis
energy investment phase (steps 1-5) and the nergy payoff phase (steps 6-10)
step 1 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy
carbon 6 on glucose is phosphorylated using ATP to prevent glucose from elacing the cell
reaction type: phorphorylation
enzyme: kinase
energy: absorbed
step 2 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy
atoms are rearranged
reaction type: isonmerzation
enzyme: isomerase
energy: no change - equilibrium
step 3 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy
carbon 1 phosphorylated to cause the molecule to be nergetically unstable
reaction type: phosphorylation
enzyme: kinase
energy: absorbed
step 4 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy
unstable molecule then split into two molecules DHAP and G3P
reaction type: cleavage
enzyme: lyase
energy: no change - equilibrium
step 5 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy
DHAP and G3P are isomers of eachother and shift between eachother, G3P continues on in glycolysis
reaction type: isonmerzation
enzyme: isomerase
energy: no change - equilibrium
step 6 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy
NADH is created
reaction type: redox and phsophorylation
enzyme: dehydrogenase
energy: released
step 7 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy
ADP phosphorylation to create ATP
reaction type: substrate level-phosphorylation
enzyme: kinase
energy: released
step 8 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy
phosphate moved from carbon 3 to carbon 2
reaction type: isomerization
enzyme: isomerase
energy: no change - equilibrium
step 9 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy
water removed to set up next reaction
reaction type: dehydration
enzyme: lyase
energy: released
step 10 of glycolysis + reaction type, enzyme, and energy
ADP phosphorilation to ATP
reaction type: substrate level phosphorylation
enzyme: kinase
energy: released
functions of dehydrogenase
transfers electrons from G3P to the oxidizing agent AND+ and NADH
uses energy from energonic transfer of electrons to add a phosphate from the cytosol to the oxidized G3P to form 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate
what happens to the pyruvate after glycolysis
continue to Kreb cycle and the ETC to synthesize ATP only in the presence of O2
