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Grade 12 Biology > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

what are functions of lipids?

A
  • long term energy storage
  • present in membrane of cells/organelles
  • insulation
  • cushioning internal organs
  • messaging as part of hormones
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2
Q

what makes lipids a good option for long term energy storage?

A
  • has high energy bonds between C and H
  • twice as much energy per gram that carb
    more compact than carbs
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3
Q

where do animals store fats?

A

adipose cells

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4
Q

how many types of lipids are there?

A

5

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5
Q

what are the types of lipid?

A
  • fat (triglyceride/triacyglycerol)
  • phospholipid
  • steroid
  • wax
  • carotenoid
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6
Q

what is the fat structure?

A
  • 1 glycerol backcone
  • 3 fatty acid chains
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7
Q

describe the glycerol backbone

A

3 carbon molecules, each carbon has a hydroxyl group attached for condensation reactions

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8
Q

describe the fatty acid structure

A

unbranched chain of carbons with a carboxyl group at one end

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9
Q

what is the possible length of fatty acid chains

A

4-24 carbons

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10
Q

what is saturation

A

the number of double bonds

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11
Q

what are the types of saturation?

A
  • saturated
  • monosaturated
  • polyunsaturated
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12
Q

what is the structure of a saturated fatty acid?

A

single bonds

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13
Q

what is the structure of unsaturated fatty acids?

A

double bonds, kink

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14
Q

state at room temp of saturated fatty acids

A

solid

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15
Q

state at room temp of unsaturated fatty acids

A

liquid

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16
Q

origin of saturated fatty acids

A

animals

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17
Q

origin of unsaturated fatty acids

A

plants

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18
Q

examples of saturated fatty acids

A

butter, lard

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19
Q

examples of unsaturated fatty acids

A

olive oil, essential FA like omega 3

20
Q

how does a condensation reaction occur?

A

between hydroxyl on glycerol carboxyl on fatty acid resulting in an ester bond

21
Q

phospholipid structure

A

glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acid chains and a phosphate/polar group

22
Q

describe the componenets of the phospholipd structure

A

polar head with non polar tails

23
Q

describe the polar head of a phospholipids

A

negatively charged, hydrophilic

24
Q

describe the nonpolar tails of phospholipids

A

fatty acids, hydrophic

25
Q

amphipathic

A

exhibiting both byhrophilic and hydrophobic properties

26
Q

what condition must exact for the self-assembly of a phospholipid

A

must be in water

27
Q

what force of attraction happens during the self-assembly process of a phospholipid?

A

hydrophobic interactions

28
Q

micelle definition

A

single layer of phospholipid with polar head facing out, nonpolar tails facing inward

29
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

have a double layer of phospholipids where the nonpolar trails aggregate forming a hydrophobic core - basic structure of the plasma membrane

30
Q

steroid basic structure

A

carbon skeleton of 4 interconnected rings, three 6C rings and one 5C ring

31
Q

common examples of steroids

A

cholesterol, hormones like estrogen and testosterone

32
Q

wax structure

A

primarily wax esters a long chain hydrocarbon with an ester group that is not a triglyceride

can also have alchohol, aldehyde $ ketone groups

33
Q

properties of wax

A
  • soft solid
  • becomes liquid when melted
  • deforms under pressure without heat
  • very NONPOLAR
  • ideal for waterproof coating on plants and animals
34
Q

thermoplastic

A

is a polymer that turns to a liquid when heated and freezes to a very glassy state when cooled sufficiently

35
Q

types of natural wx

A

animal wax, vegetable wax, mieral wax

36
Q

types of animal wax

A

beeswax, lanlin, shellac

37
Q

types of vegeable wx

A

soy, jojoba, carnauba

38
Q

types of minral waxes

A

petroleum (paraffin) from fossil fuels

39
Q

synthetic types of wax

A

polypropylene, polyethylene

40
Q

carotenoids

A

a natrual fat-soluble pigment

41
Q

structure of carotenoids

A

backbone of 40 carbon polyene chain with alternating single and double bonds terminated by cyclic end-groups

42
Q

where is carotenoid found in plants?

A

plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria, pigment needed for photosynthesis

43
Q

retinal

A

pigment in eye that absorbs light energy

44
Q

carotenoid use in animals

A

retinal and retinol which are derivatives of beta carotene

45
Q
A

Grade 12 Biology (20 decks)

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