NORMAL DIAGNOSTIC AND LAB TEST DURING PREGNANCY Flashcards
Determines risk for maternal- fetal
blood incompatibility
Blood type & Rh factor
Detects anemia, infection, or cell
abnormalities
Complete blood count (CBC)
Detects anemia
Hemoglobin or hematocrit
Syphilis screen
VDRL or rapid plasma reagin
(RPR)
Determines immunity to rubella or
hepatitis B
Rubella or Hepatitis B (HBsAg) titer
1st trimester routine tests
- maternal serum for alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
- HIV screen
- urinalysis and culture
- indirect coombs test
second trimester routine test
oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
Detects neural tube or
abdominal defect in the fetus
Maternal serum for alphafetoprotein (MSAFP)
Detects HIV infection
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) screen
Detects infection, renal disease,
or diabetes
Urinalysis & culture
Determination of whether Rh
antibodies are present in an Rhnegative woman
Indirect Coombs test
Blood glucose screen; sample is
drawn 1 hour after 50g of liquid
glucose is ingested
oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
when is OGTT usually done?
24-28 weeks
OGTT result that necessitates medical follow up
135 mg/dl
type of utz during 1st TM
transvaginal utz
type of utz during 2nd and 3rd TM
transabdominal
- Determine the presence & location of pregnancy
- Detect multifetal gestation
- As an adjunct for trancervical or
transabdominal chorionic villus
sampling
transvaginal utz
- Evaluate fetal anatomy
- Evaluate amniotic fluid volume
- Determine location & relation of the placenta & umbilical cord to each other & the insertion of the cord into the fetal abdomen
- Determine fetal presentation
- Guide needle placement for
procedures such as amniocentesis or percutaneous umbilical sampling
transabdominal utz
Measures the response of sound waves against solid objects
ultrasonography
in ultrasonography, sound waves are sent through abdomen or vagina by a device called a ___
transducer
true or false: ultrasonography uses radiation like xrays
false
- Measures the velocity @ which RBC in the uterine & fetal blood vessels travel
- Assessment of the blood flow through the uterine blood vessels is helpful to determine the vascular resistance present in women with diabetes or hypertension of pregnancy and whether resultant placental insufficiency is occurring
doppler umbilical velocimetry
fetal lungs are apt to be mature at 38 weeks, a grade 3 placenta suggest that fetus is mature
placental grading
how to measure amniotic fluid for <20 weeks
- divide in half vertically
- Measure the vertical diameter of the largest pocket of amniotic fluid present on each side in cm, then add
how to measure amniotic fluid for >20 weeks
- divide into 4 quadrants
- Measure the vertical diameter of the largest pocket of amniotic fluid present on each quadrant in cm, then add
average amniotic fluid volume index between 28-40 weeks
12-15 cm
afi index > 20-24 cm
polyhydramnios
afi index < 5-6 cm
oligohydramnios
- identifies whether an increase in the FHR occurs when the fetus moves, indicating adequate oxygenation
- measures the response of the fetal heart rate to fetal movement
nonstress testing
how long is nonstress testing done
10-20 mins
when do you perform nonstress testing
28 weeks
nonstress interpretation:
2 accelerations of FHR (by 15 beats or more) lasting for 15 seconds occur after movement within the chosen time period
reactive (normal)
nonstress interpretation:
- No accelerations occur with the fetal movements
- No fetal movements occur or if there is low short term fetal heart rate variability (less than 6 bpm)
throughout the testing period
nonreactive
If no increase in beats per minute is noticeable on fetal movement, ___ of the fetus is suggested.
poor oxygen perfusion
- Non-invasive test done after the 28th week of pregnancy
- helps evaluate the health of the fetus
biophysical profile
BPP combines five parameters into one assessment:
- Fetal heart reactivity
- Fetal breathing
- Fetal body movement
- Fetal tone
- Amniotic fluid volume
criteria for a score of 2: fetal breathing
30 second sustained fetal breathing within 30 min
criteria for a score of 2: fetal movement
atleast 3 episodes of limb or trunk movement within 30 mins
criteria for a score of 2: fetal tone
must extend and flex extremities atleast once in 30 mins
criteria for a score of 2: AF volume
5-25 cm
criteria for a score of 2: fetal heart reactivity
2 or more acceleration of atleast 15 bpm above baseline for 15 seconds with fetal movement within 20 mins
8-10 BPP score
fetus is doing well
6 BPP score
suspicious
4 BPP score
fetus in jeopardy
Movements by the fetus, as
assessed by the mother, are often
called ___
kick counts
how to do daily kick count
- count once a day for 60 mins
- count 2-3x daily for 2 hours OR until 10 movements are counted
fetal alarm signal regarding kick count
no movement for 12 hours
