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CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT > INFANCY > Flashcards

INFANCY Flashcards

1
Q

a period of dramatic physical changes and developmental achievements

A

infancy

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2
Q

By the time an infant is 5 to 6 months old, their weight is expected to ___ their birth weight.

A

double (x2)

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3
Q

By the time an infant reaches 1 year of age, their weight is expected to ___ their birth weight.

A

triple (x3)

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4
Q

the average weight for a 1-year-old infant

A

9.75 kg

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5
Q

the average weight for a 5- to 6-month-old infant

A

7.26 kg

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6
Q

First 6 months: average height increase of ___ per month.

A

2.5 cm / 1inch

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7
Q

Second 6 months: average height increase of ___ per month.

A

1.25 cm / 0.5 inch

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8
Q

By the end of the first year: An infant’s height typically increases by ___% compared to their birth length

A

50%

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9
Q

average infant height at 6 mos

A

65 cm

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10
Q

average infant height at 1 year

A

74 cm

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11
Q

during the first 3 months, the head circumference increases ___ per month

A

2 cm

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12
Q

during the 4-5th month, the head circumference increases ___ per month

A

1 cm

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13
Q

during the 6th month onward, the head circumference increases ___ per month

A

0.5 cm

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14
Q

average head circumference at 6 mos

A

43 cm

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15
Q

average head circumference at 1 year

A

46 cm (33% increase)

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16
Q

at 12 months, there is 2 1/2 increase in ___ weight

A

brain

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17
Q

true or false - primitive reflexes are diminished by the 12th month

A

true

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18
Q

when do posterior fontanels close?

A

6-8 weeks

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19
Q

when do anterior fontanels close?

A

12-18 mos (ave 14 mos)

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20
Q

true or false - lateral diameter < AP diameter

A

false - lateral diameter is GREATER THAN ap diameter

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21
Q

by what month does the heart double its weight?

A

12 mos / 1 year

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22
Q

BY THE END OF THE INFANT PERIOD – the [upper / lower] jaw is prominent

A

lower

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23
Q

THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE ___ – Is less than that of the head at birth by about 2cm

A

chest

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24
Q

ABDOMEN - remains ___ until the child has been walking

A

protuberant

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25
Q

___, ___, ___, ___ CURVES - develop as infant hold up their head

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

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26
Q

true or false - the auditory acuity of an infant is at adult level

A

true

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27
Q
  • fixation of 2 ocular images into
    one cerebral picture
  • develops at 6 weeks
  • well established at 4 mos
A

binocular fixation

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28
Q
  • ability to perceive depth or 3D space
  • develops at 7-9 mos
A

depth perception / stereopsis

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29
Q

___ hours after birth infant can smell accurately

A

1-2

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30
Q

Solid food is introduced as early as ___ mos

A

6

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31
Q

Respiratory rate slows down from 30-60 breaths/min to ___ breaths/min by the end of the first year

A

20-30

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32
Q

respi system:

___ proximal to the short bronchi

A

trachea

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33
Q

respi system:

short straight ___ tube

A

eustachian

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34
Q

Heart rate: from 110-160 bpm to ___ bpm by the end of first year

A

100 - 120

35
Q

infant heart rhythm

A

sinus arrythmia

36
Q

___ pressure rises during the first 2 mos.

A

systolic

37
Q

___ pressure decreases during the first 3 mos, & then gradually rises to values close to those at birth

A

diastolic

38
Q

blood component present for the first 5 mos

A

fetal hemoglobin (HgbF)

39
Q

true or false - physiologic anemia at 2-3 months is normal

A

true

40
Q

majority of the digestive processes begin at ___ mos

A

3

41
Q

___ is the most immature of all GI organs

A

liver

42
Q

proper diet for 12 mos baby

A

3 meals a day + 1 bottle of milk at night

43
Q

antibodies present in the colostrum

A

IgA

44
Q

the immune system becomes functional at ___ mos

A

2

45
Q

by 1 year, the infant’s body can actively produce its own antibodies such as?

A

IgG and IgM

46
Q

ability to adjust to cold is mature by ___ mos

A

6

47
Q

has develop ___ tissue for insulation

A

adipose

48
Q

immaturity of renal structures leads to?

A

dehydration

49
Q

kidneys mature at the latter half of ___ year

A

2nd

50
Q

grasping remains a reflex until ___ mos

A

2-3

51
Q

grasping:

___ mos - hands closed
___ mos - hands open
___ mos - hand and object regard

A

1, 3, 4

52
Q

grasping:

___ mos - voluntary grasping
___ mos - crude pincer grasp
___ mos - neat pincer grasp

A

5, 8-9, 10

53
Q

manipulative skills:

Holds bottle;
grasps feet & pull
them to mouth;
feeds self
crackers

A

6 mos

54
Q

manipulative skills:

Transfers
objects:
fr one
hand to
the other

A

7 mos

55
Q

manipulative skills:

Lets go &
offers obj
to others

A

10 mos

56
Q

manipulative skills:

puts &
removes
objects in
container

A

11 mos

57
Q

manipulative skills:

Tries
tower of
2 blocks
but fail

A

12 mos

58
Q

head control:

___ mos - momentarily lifts head
___ mos - hold head beyond body plane
___ mos - lifts head and chest

A

1, 3, 4

59
Q

rolling over:

___ mos - abdomen to back
___ mos - back to abdomen

A

5, 6

60
Q

when is parachute reflex developed?

A

7 mos

61
Q

sitting:

___ mos - back rounded at lumbar, good head control
___ mos - sits with support
___ mos - sits without support
___ mos - prone to sitting

A

4, 7, 8, 10

62
Q

backward crawling occurs at what months?

A

1-6 months

63
Q

bears weight on legs with assistance

A

6-7 mos

64
Q

what month can infants pull themselves up to stand?

A

9 mos

65
Q

what month can infants walk while holding on?

A

11 mos

66
Q

what month can infants walk with one hand held?

A

12 mos / 1 year

67
Q

gender identity is developed in?

A

utero

68
Q

___ weeks: cry, smile, & vocalize more to the mother than to anyone else

A

8-12

69
Q

___ mos: show a distinct preference for the mother

A

6

70
Q

Between ages 4-8 mos, infant progresses through the first stage of ___

A

separation-individuation

71
Q

By ___ months, able to anticipate imminent departure by watching mother’s behaviors, & begins to protest before she leaves.

A

11-12

72
Q

Between ___ months, fear of strangers & stranger anxiety become prominent.

A

6-8

73
Q

Crying tends to decrease by ___ wks.

A

12

74
Q

By ___ mos, make single vowel sounds such as ah, eh, uh

A

2

75
Q

By ___ mos, consonants n, k, g, p, & b are added & infants
coo, gurgle & laugh aloud.

A

3-4

76
Q

By ___ mos., imitate sounds, add the consonants t, d, & w &
combine syllables (e.g. “dada”)

A

6

77
Q

By ___ mos., comprehend the meaning of the word “no”
& obey simple commands

A

9-10

78
Q

By age ___, can say 3-5 words with meaning.

A

12 mos / 1 year

79
Q

___ may occur if
thumb sucking persists past 4
years of age, or 6 years as
indicated by some authorities,
or when the permanent teeth
erupt.

A

malocclusion

80
Q
  • First primary teeth to erupt
  • 6-8 mos
A

lower central incissors

81
Q

Process of giving up one method of feeding for another

A

weaning

82
Q
  • a paroxysmal abdominal pain that generally occurs in
    infants younger than 3 months and is marked by loud and
    intense crying
  • caused by overfeeding or swallowing too much air
    while feeding
A

colic

83
Q

prickly heat rash

A

milaria

84
Q

as a general rule, an infant should take no more than ___ oz of formula daily

A

32

CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT (14 decks)

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