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CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT > MILESTONES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT > Flashcards

MILESTONES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards

1
Q

starts on day 15 and continues until approximately the 8th week

A

embryonic stage

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2
Q

embryonic stage:

  • embryonic disk becomes elongated & pear shaped, with a broad cephalic end & narrow caudal end
  • Ectoderm has formed a long cylindrical tube for brain & spinal cord development
A

3 weeks

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3
Q

embryonic stage:

  • GIT from the endoderm, appears as tubelike structure
  • most advanced organ is the heart
A

3 weeks

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4
Q

embryonic stage:

days 21-32 ___ (a series of mesodermal blocks) form on either side of the embryo’s midline

A

somites

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5
Q

embryonic stage:

The ___ that form the spinal column will develop from these somites

A

vertebrae

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6
Q

embryonic stage:

  • Prior to 28 days, arm & leg buds are not visible, but the tail bud is present.
  • The pharyngeal arches – which will form the lower jaw, hyoid bone, & larynx – develop at this time
A

4-5 weeks

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7
Q

embryonic stage:

  • The pharyngeal pouches appear now; these pouches will form the eustachian tube & cavity of the middle ear, the tonsils, & the parathyroid & thymus glands
  • The primordial of the ear & eye are also present
A

4-5 weeks

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8
Q

embryonic stage:

by the end of ___ days, the tubular heart is beating at a regular rhythm & pushing its own primitive blood cells through the main blood vessels

A

28 days

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9
Q

embryonic stage:

During the ___ week, the optic cups & lens vessels of the eye form & the nasal pits develop

A

5th week

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10
Q

embryonic stage:

  • Partitioning in the heart occurs with the dividing of the atrium
  • Embryo has marked C-shaped body, accentuated by the rudimentary tail & the large head folded over a protuberant trunk
A

4-5 weeks

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11
Q

embryonic stage:

By day ___, the arm & leg buds are well developed, with paddle-shaped hand & foot plates. The heart, circulatory system, & brain show the most advanced development

A

35

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12
Q

embryonic stage:

Brain has differentiated into five areas, & 10 pair of cranial nerves are recognizable

A

4-5 weeks

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13
Q

embryonic stage:

  • Head structures are more highly developed
  • Trunk is straighter than in earlier stages
  • Upper & lower jaws are recognizable
A

6 weeks

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14
Q

embryonic stage:

  • External nares are well formed
  • Trachea has developed & its caudal end is bifurcated for beginning lung formation
  • Upper lip has formed
A

6 weeks

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15
Q

embryonic stage:

  • Palate is developing
  • Ears are developing rapidly
A

6 weeks

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16
Q

embryonic stage:

  • Arms have begun to extend ventrally across the chest, & both arms & legs have digits, although they may still be webbed
  • There is a slight elbow bend in the arms, which are more advanced in development than the legs
A

6 weeks

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17
Q

embryonic stage:

  • Beginning at this stage, the prominent tail will recede
  • Heart now has most of its definitive characteristics, & fetal circulation begins to be established
  • Liver starts to produce blood cells
A

6 weeks

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18
Q

embryonic stage:

  • Head of the embryo is rounder & nearly erect
  • Eyes have shifted & are closer together
  • Eyelids are beginning to form
A

7 weeks

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19
Q

embryonic stage:

Prior to this time the rectal & urogenital passages formed one tube that ended in a blind pouch; they now separate into two tubular structures

A

7 weeks

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20
Q

embryonic stage:

Intestines enter the extraembryonic coelom in the area of the umbilical cord (called umbilical herniated). At this point the beginnings of all essential external & internal structures are present

A

7 weeks

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21
Q

embryonic stage:

  • Approximately 3 cm (1.2 in) long C-R
  • Clearly resembles a human being
  • Facial features continue to develop
A

8 weeks

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22
Q

embryonic stage:

  • Eyelids begin to fuse
  • Auricles of the external ears begin to assume final shape, but are still set low
  • External genitals appear, but sex not clearly identifiable
A

8 weeks

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23
Q

embryonic stage:

  • Rectal passage opens with the perforation of the anal membrane
  • Circulatory system through the umbilical cord is well established
A

8 weeks

24
Q

embryonic stage:

  • Long bones are beginning to form
  • Large muscles are now capable of contracting
A

8 weeks

25
Q

fetal stage:

At end of ___ weeks, fetus reaches a C-R length of 5 cm (2 in) & weighs about 14 grams

A

9 weeks

26
Q

fetal stage:

  • Head is large & comprises almost half of the fetus’ entire size
  • Face is well formed, with the nose protruding, the chin small & receding, & the ear acquiring a more adult shape
A

9-12 weeks

27
Q

fetal stage:

At ___ weeks, the fetus reaches 7 to 8 cm C-R & weighs about 45 g (1.6 oz).

A

12 weeks

28
Q

fetal stage:

Eyelids close at about ___ week & will not reopen until about the ___ week

A

10th,
28th

29
Q

fetal stage:

  • Some reflex movement of the lips suggestive of the sucking reflex has been observed at 3 months.
  • Tooth buds now appear
  • Limbs are long & slender, with well-formed digits.
A

9-12 weeks

30
Q

fetal stage:

  • Fetus can curl fingers toward the palm & begins to make a tiny fist
  • Legs are still shorter & less developed than the arms
  • Urogenital tract completes its development
A

9-12 weeks

31
Q

fetal stage:

  • Well-differentiated genitals appear
  • Kidneys begin to produce urine
  • Spontaneous movements of the fetus now occur
A

9-12 weeks

32
Q

FHR can be ascertained by electronic devices between ___weeks.

A

8-12 weeks

33
Q

fetal stage:

  • A period of rapid growth
  • Lanugo, or fine hair, begins to develop, especially on the head.
  • Skin is so transparent
A

13-16 weeks

34
Q

At ___ weeks, fetus weighs 55 to 120 g & is about 10 to 17 cm in C-R length

A

13 weeks

35
Q

fetal stage:

  • More muscle tissue & body skeleton have developed & hold the fetus more erect
  • Active movements are present
  • Fetus stretches & exercises arms & legs: makes sucking motions, swallows amniotic fluid, & produces meconium in the intestinal tract
A

13-16 weeks

36
Q

By the beginning of week ___, skeletal ossification is clearly identifiable

A

16

37
Q

fetal stage:

  • Fetus doubles its C-R length & now measures 25 cm long
  • Fetal weight is 223 g
  • Lanugo covers the entire body & is especially prominent on the shoulders
A

20 weeks

38
Q

fetal stage:

  • Subcutaneous deposits of brown fat, which has rich blood supply, make the skin less transparent
  • Nipples now appear over the mammary glands
  • Head is covered with fine, woolly hair, & the eyebrows & eyelashes are beginning to form
A

20 weeks

39
Q

fetal stage:

  • Nails are present on both fingers & toes
  • Muscles are well developed, & fetus is active
  • Quickening is felt
  • Fetal heartbeat audible through a fetoscope
A

20 weeks

40
Q

fetal stage:

  • The fetus reaches a crown-to-heel (C-H) length of 28 to 36 cm
  • Weighs about 550 to 600 g.
  • Hair on the head is growing long, & eyebrows & eyelashes have formed
A

24 weeks

41
Q

fetal stage:

  • Eye is structurally complete & will soon open
  • Fetus has a reflex hand grip (grasp reflex) & by the end of 6 months has startle reflex
  • Skin covering the body is reddish & wrinkled, with little subcutaneous fat
A

24 weeks

42
Q

fetal stage:

  • Skin on hands & feet have thickened, with skin ridges on palms & soles forming distinct foot – & fingerprints
  • Skin over entire body is covered with vernix caseosa
  • Alveoli in the lungs just beginning to form
A

24 weeks

43
Q

fetal stage:

At ___ months, fetal skin is still red, wrinkled,& covered with vernix caseosa

A

6 months

44
Q

fetal stage:

  • During this time, brain is developing rapidly, & the NS is complete enough to provide some degree of regulation of body functions
  • Eyelids open & close under neural control
  • In the male fetus, testes begin to descend into the scrotal sac
A

25-28 weeks

45
Q

fetal stage:

  • Respiratory & circulatory systems have developed though lungs still physiologically immature
  • Fetus is about 35 to 38 cm (14 to 15 in) long C-H & weighs 1200 to 1250 g (2 lbs, 10.5 oz to 2 lbs, 12 oz).
A

25-28 weeks

46
Q

fetal stage:

At ___ weeks, pupillary light reflex is present

A

30 weeks

47
Q

fetal stage:

Fetus in ___ weeks is gaining weight from an increase in body muscle & fat & weighs about 1600 g, with a C-H length of about 38 to 43 cm (15 to 17 in)

A

32 weeks

48
Q

fetal stage:

  • CNS has matured enough to direct rhythmic breathing movements & partially control body temp. though lungs are not yet fully mature
  • Bones are fully developed but soft & flexible
A

29-32 weeks

49
Q

fetal stage:

  • Fetus begins storing iron, calcium, & phosphorus
  • In males, the testicles may be located in the scrotal sac but often still high in the inguinal canals
A

29-32 weeks

50
Q

fetal stage:

  • Fetus begins to get plump, & less wrinkled skin covers the deposits of subcutaneous fat
  • Lanugo begins to disappear
  • Nails reach the edge of fingertips
A

35-36 weeks

51
Q

fetal stage:

By ___ weeks of age, fetus has a firm grasp & exhibits spontaneous orientation to light

A

35 weeks

52
Q

fetal stage:

By ___ weeks of age, weight is usually 1,800 to 2,700 g (5 to 6 lb), & C-H length is about 42 to 48 cm.

A

36 weeks

53
Q

fetal stage:

  • considered full term
  • C-H length varies from 48 to 52 cm (19 to 21 in
  • Weight at term is about 3000 to 3600 g (6 lb, 10 oz to 7 lb, 15 oz)
A

38-40 weeks

54
Q

fetal stage:

  • Skin is pink & has a smooth, polished look
  • The only lanugo left is on the upper arms & shoulders
  • Hair on the head is no longer woolly but is coarse & about 1 in long
  • Vernix caseosa is present
A

38-40 weeks

55
Q

fetal stage:

  • Body & extremities are plump, with good skin turgor, & fingernails extend beyond the fingertips
  • Chest is prominent but still a smaller than the head, & mammary glands protrude in both sexes
A

38-40 weeks

56
Q

fetal stage:

  • In males, the testes are in the scrotum or palpable in the inguinal canals.
  • As the fetus enlarges, amniotic fluid diminishes to about 500 mL or less, & the fetal body mass fills the uterine cavity
  • Fetus assumes what is called its position of comfort, or lie
A

38-40 weeks

CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT (14 decks)

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