Non-Communicable Disease.

Question 1

What is a non-communicable disease?

Question 2

What are the risk factors for heart disease?

Answer 2

• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Lack of exercise
• Poor diet

Question 3

What does the term correlation mean?

Question 4

What does a causal mechanism mean?

Question 5

What is the difference between malignant and benign tumours?

Question 6

Give three common signs of cancer:

Question 7

How can we check for cancer?

Question 8

Give four potential cancer causes:

Question 9

What are the two most common cancer treatments?

Question 10

Why is physical and mental health important?

Question 11

Why is stress such a problem?

Question 12

What are some diseases caused by drinking too much alcohol?

Question 13

What 3 common problems are caused by drinking alcohol when pregnant?

Question 14

What is a balanced diet important?

Question 15

Give 3 risk factors of type 2 diabetes:

Question 16

What are the 4 bases and how do they pair up complementarily?

Answer 16

The 4 bases of DNA are…
- adenine (A)
- thymine (T)
- cytosine (C)
- guanine (G)

They pair up complementarily as:
- Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
- Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)

Question 17

How many DNA replications are in meiosis?

Answer 17

1

Question 18

What is made in meiosis?

Answer 18

4 genetically unique haploid daughter cells

Question 19

What are the 3 uses of mitosis?

Answer 19

• Asexual reproduction
• Growing
• Repair – to replace damages cells - Healing wounds

Question 20

Give an example of an organism which can do both sexual and asexual reproduction in it’s lifecycle

Answer 20

Strawberries
- Asexually = runners
- Sexually = seed

Question 21

What are the 3 genotypes and their corresponding phenotypes?

Answer 21

Homozygous dominant (AA) - Phenotype: dominant trait (e.g., brown eyes)

Heterozygous (Aa) - Phenotype: dominant trait (e.g., brown eyes)

Homozygous recessive (aa) - Phenotype: recessive trait (e.g., blue eyes

Question 22

Give 3 symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 22

Persistent cough with thick mucus.
Frequent lung infections.
Difficulty breathing.

Question 23

What type of genetic disorder is cystic fibrosis and what does this mean?

Answer 23

recessive genetic disorder. This means that an individual needs two copies of the defective gene to have the disorder

Question 24

Who is known as the father of genetics?

Answer 24

Gregor Mendel

Question 25

What type of plant did the father of genetics study to investigate inheritance?

Answer 25

pea plants

Question 26

What is a mutation?

Answer 26

a change in the DNA sequence that can alter the structure or function of a protein.

Question 27

How many bases code for one amino acid

Answer 27

Three bases (a codon) code for one amino acid.

Question 28

Describe the structure of the nucleotide

Answer 28

Phosphate group: Attached to the sugar.

Deoxyribose sugar: A five-carbon sugar in DNA.

Nitrogenous base: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), or Guanine (G)

Question 29

What is stage 1 of the cell cycle and what happens here?

Answer 29

Interphase

During this stage:
- The cell grows and increases in size.
- DNA is replicated.
- Organelles are duplicated to prepare for cell division.

Question 30

What is Stage 3 of the cell cycle?

Answer 30

Cytokinesis,
where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate, identical daughter cells.

Question 31

What does fertilization mean?

Answer 31

the process where a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg) fuse to form a zygote.