diseases Flashcards
what are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?
- thick yellow/green
urine/discharge - pain when urinating
what is the cure for Gonorrhoea?
Since Gonorrhoea is a bacteria the cure is to have antibiotics
what are the symptoms of fungi infections?
- skin irritation/pain
what is the cure for fungi infection?
can be treated with fungicide
how can fungi infections be passed?
- human contact
- close contact
- swimming pools
how can Gonorrhoea be spread?
can be spread by sexual contact
how can Gonorrhoea be prevented?
prevented by using condoms
symptoms of malaria
- fever
- high temp
- sweat and chills
- headaches
- organ failure
- diarrhoea
how to prevent malaria
anything that prevents the mosquito from biting us
e.g
- bed nets
- draining local swaps nearby as mosquitos need them for survival (breathing)
- wearing long sleeved clothing
extra
- vaccination
what is malaria ?
- Malaria is a protist disease caused by Plasmodium parasites
- transmitted through the bites of infected female mosquitoes
what is Gonorrhoea?
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria.
what’s a vector?
A vector is an organism that carries and transmits pathogens to another host, like mosquitoes spreading malaria.
symptoms of measles
- Rash starting on the face and spreading down the body
- Fever
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Red, watery eyes
is measles fatal
- could be fatal if there are complications such as organ failure
what is measles?
virus
Measles is a viral infection caused by the measles virus.
how are measles spread?
- by inhaling droplets from sneezes or coughs
how can measles be prevented?
young children are vaccinated
what is communicable disease
an infection/disease that can be transmitted as it is spread by microorganisms called pathogens
name 4 pathogens
- Bacterium
- Protist
- Virus
- Fungus
fungus examples
- athlete foot
- plants - tobacco mosaic virus
virus
how it spreads
Viruses infect a host cell, replicate inside it, and eventually cause the cell to burst, releasing new viruses.
what is salmonella
Salmonella is a type of bacteria that causes food poisoning.
what are the symptoms of salmonella?
symptoms caused by toxins
diarrhoea
sickness
fever
stomach cramps.
how is salmonella caught?
eating contaminated food or water
what is the cure for salmonella
Salmonella usually clears up on its own with rest and hydration. Severe cases may need antibiotics.
how to prevent salmonella?
Cook food thoroughly
having good food hygiene by refrigerating food properly and by avoiding raw eggs or undercooked meat.
disinfect surfaces, hands and utensils that touches raw meat
Avoid cross-contamination.
What is HIV
virus
a virus that attacks the immune system, weakening the body’s defence against infections.
It can lead to AIDS if untreated.
has a high mutation rate
what are the symptoms of HIV
- fever
- sore throat
- fatigue
as it progresses
- weight loss
- skin infection
however symptoms may vary
what is the cure for HIV
no cure but you can delay it using drugs
how does HIV spread without being noticed
HIV attacks the immune system slowly, often without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. This allows people to unknowingly spread the virus to others before they even realize they are infected. It’s why regular testing and early detection are important.
how is HIV transmitted?
- unprotected sex
- sharing needles
- transmitted from mother to fetes
- infected blood donations
why are HIV symptoms varied?
since they attack the immune system
how is HIV prevented?
- protected sex by using a barrier contraception
- don’t share needles
Can HIV be fatal?
yes as it could lead to tuberculosis, pneumonia and cancer
which are deadly and could kill you
do people have HIV live a relatively normal life?
yes only if they are being treated
what are the 2 defence systems
Non-specific defences (e.g., skin, mucus, stomach acid, and phagocytosis).
Specific defences (e.g., the role of antibodies and lymphocytes).
what are the first line primary defence systems
Skin:
Acts as a physical barrier, preventing entry
- releases antimicrobial secretions
Mucus and cilia: Trap and remove pathogens in the respiratory tract.
Stomach acid:
the low PH kills microbes, destroying pathogens ingested with food or drink.
Tears and saliva: Contain enzymes (like lysozyme) that kill bacteria.
Nasal hairs: Trap dust and microbes in the nose.
what does the skin produce?
the skin produces antimicrobial secretions, such as sweat and sebum. These contain enzymes and chemicals that inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, providing extra protection against infections.
