diseases

Question 1

what are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?

Answer 1

• thick yellow/green
  urine/discharge
• pain when urinating

Question 2

what is the cure for Gonorrhoea?

Answer 2

Since Gonorrhoea is a bacteria the cure is to have antibiotics

Question 3

what are the symptoms of fungi infections?

Answer 3

• skin irritation/pain

Question 4

what is the cure for fungi infection?

Answer 4

can be treated with fungicide

Question 5

how can fungi infections be passed?

Answer 5

• human contact
• close contact
• swimming pools

Question 6

how can Gonorrhoea be spread?

Answer 6

can be spread by sexual contact

Question 7

how can Gonorrhoea be prevented?

Answer 7

prevented by using condoms

Question 8

symptoms of malaria

Answer 8

• fever
• high temp
• sweat and chills
• headaches
• organ failure
• diarrhoea

Question 9

how to prevent malaria

Answer 9

anything that prevents the mosquito from biting us
e.g
- bed nets
- draining local swaps nearby as mosquitos need them for survival (breathing)
- wearing long sleeved clothing

extra
- vaccination

Question 10

what is malaria ?

Answer 10

• Malaria is a protist disease caused by Plasmodium parasites
• transmitted through the bites of infected female mosquitoes

Question 11

what is Gonorrhoea?

Answer 11

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria.

Question 12

what’s a vector?

Answer 12

A vector is an organism that carries and transmits pathogens to another host, like mosquitoes spreading malaria.

Question 13

symptoms of measles

Answer 13

• Rash starting on the face and spreading down the body
• Fever
• Cough
• Runny nose
• Red, watery eyes

Question 14

is measles fatal

Answer 14

• could be fatal if there are complications such as organ failure

Question 15

what is measles?

Answer 15

virus
Measles is a viral infection caused by the measles virus.

Question 16

how are measles spread?

Answer 16

• by inhaling droplets from sneezes or coughs

Question 17

how can measles be prevented?

Answer 17

young children are vaccinated

Question 18

what is communicable disease

Answer 18

an infection/disease that can be transmitted as it is spread by microorganisms called pathogens

Question 19

name 4 pathogens

Answer 19

• Bacterium
• Protist
• Virus
• Fungus

Question 20

fungus examples

Answer 20

• athlete foot
• plants - tobacco mosaic virus

Question 21

virus

how it spreads

Answer 21

Viruses infect a host cell, replicate inside it, and eventually cause the cell to burst, releasing new viruses.

Question 22

what is salmonella

Answer 22

Salmonella is a type of bacteria that causes food poisoning.

Question 23

what are the symptoms of salmonella?

Answer 23

symptoms caused by toxins

diarrhoea
sickness
fever
stomach cramps.

Question 24

how is salmonella caught?

Answer 24

eating contaminated food or water

Question 25

what is the cure for salmonella

Answer 25

Salmonella usually clears up on its own with rest and hydration. Severe cases may need antibiotics.

Question 26

how to prevent salmonella?

Answer 26

Cook food thoroughly

having good food hygiene by refrigerating food properly and by avoiding raw eggs or undercooked meat.

disinfect surfaces, hands and utensils that touches raw meat

Avoid cross-contamination.

Question 27

What is HIV

Answer 27

virus

a virus that attacks the immune system, weakening the body’s defence against infections.

It can lead to AIDS if untreated.

has a high mutation rate

Question 28

what are the symptoms of HIV

Answer 28

• fever
• sore throat
• fatigue

as it progresses
- weight loss
- skin infection

however symptoms may vary

Question 29

what is the cure for HIV

Answer 29

no cure but you can delay it using drugs

Question 30

how does HIV spread without being noticed

Answer 30

HIV attacks the immune system slowly, often without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. This allows people to unknowingly spread the virus to others before they even realize they are infected. It’s why regular testing and early detection are important.

Question 31

how is HIV transmitted?

Answer 31

• unprotected sex
• sharing needles
• transmitted from mother to fetes
• infected blood donations

Question 32

why are HIV symptoms varied?

Answer 32

since they attack the immune system

Question 33

how is HIV prevented?

Answer 33

• protected sex by using a barrier contraception
• don’t share needles

Question 34

Can HIV be fatal?

Answer 34

yes as it could lead to tuberculosis, pneumonia and cancer
which are deadly and could kill you

Question 35

do people have HIV live a relatively normal life?

Answer 35

yes only if they are being treated

Question 36

what are the 2 defence systems

Answer 36

Non-specific defences (e.g., skin, mucus, stomach acid, and phagocytosis).

Specific defences (e.g., the role of antibodies and lymphocytes).

Question 37

what are the first line primary defence systems

Answer 37

Skin:
Acts as a physical barrier, preventing entry
- releases antimicrobial secretions

Mucus and cilia: Trap and remove pathogens in the respiratory tract.

Stomach acid:
the low PH kills microbes, destroying pathogens ingested with food or drink.

Tears and saliva: Contain enzymes (like lysozyme) that kill bacteria.

Nasal hairs: Trap dust and microbes in the nose.

Question 38

what does the skin produce?

Answer 38

the skin produces antimicrobial secretions, such as sweat and sebum. These contain enzymes and chemicals that inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, providing extra protection against infections.