coronary heart disease Flashcards
Why is high cholesterol a problem?
can lead to the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, which can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular conditions.
How does a heart bypass work?
A heart bypass, or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), works by creating a new pathway for blood to flow around a blocked or narrowed coronary artery. This is done by:
- Taking a healthy blood vessel (usually from the leg, arm, or chest).
- Connecting it above and below the blockage.
- Allowing blood to bypass the obstruction and supply oxygen to the heart muscle.
How does a stent help treat coronary heart disease?
It expands within the artery to widen the lumen so that more
Blood can pass through the lumen, allowing more oxygen to the
Heart.
What is the job of valves?
to prevent back flow
What methods of treatment are available for faulty valves?
Fixing it or replacing it with either a mechanical/biological valve from a human doner or an animal (typically a pig or cow)
What is the treatment for irregular heartbeats?
Doctors can implant an artificial pacemaker just under the skin of the heart //////
What is the treatment for a hole in the heart?
replace heart
What are the problems of having heart transplants?
- The body may reject the heart
- Risk of infection or the surgery to go wrong
Extra = maybe because its hard to fine the right doner or even a doner in the first place
Which chemical process supplies the majority of the energy required for the contraction of muscle tissue?
Aerobic respiration
Lactic acid
produced in anaerobic respiration, which occurs when there’s insufficient oxygen, leading to the partial breakdown of glucose.
Coronary heart disease
Coronary arteries branch out of the aorta and supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
In coronary heart disease, layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, causing the lumen to get narrower.
This reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries, resulting in a lack of oxygen and nutrients for the heart muscle.
This can cause chest pain as the heart muscle is starved of oxygen, and in severe cases, can cause a heart attack.
The fatty material that builds up in coronary arteries is sometimes known as what?
fatty plaques.
What are the benefits of stents when treating coronary artery disease? (3)
The stents have an almost immediate effect
Surgery is quick
The stents can last a long time
How do statins help treat coronary heart disease?
They increase the amount of HDL cholesterol in the blood
They decrease the amount of LDL cholesterol in the blood
What are the disadvantages of statins when treating coronary artery disease?
It can take months to see the positive effects
The pills have to be taken every day
They have side effects such as kidney failure and headaches
