Genetics and inheritance Flashcards
wha’ts the role of the DNA
It controls the building of protein in organisms, ensuring cells function correctly
where is the DNA found?
the nucleus
what is the full name of the DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
what’s a Genome?
all the genetic material of an organism
what’s a Nucleus?
A structure which contains chromosomes
what’s a Gene?
A small section of the DNA which codes for a protein
what’s a phenotype?
The physical appearance of an individual regarding a particular characteristics
dominant definition?
Alleles which will always be expressed in the phenotype when it’s present. It is shown as a capital letter, for example B
recessive definition?
Alleles that can be masked by a dominant one, so they will only be expressed in the phenotype in the absence of a dominant allele. It is shown as a lower case letter, for example b
what’s a Genotype?
The genetic makeup of an individual regarding a particular characteristic
what’s a Allele?
Alternate forms of a gene
What’s a Gamete?
The sex cell cells (ova and sperm in animals, ovules and pollen in plants). They only contain one set of chromosomes so can only carry one of the two alleles that the parents have in their cells.
what’s an offspring?
The generation resulting from reproduction
how many genes do humans have in total?
20,000-25,000 genes
