cell biology Flashcards
what’s the calculation triangle for magnification?
I
AM
I - image size
A = actual size
M= magnification
when wanting to view an onion peal under a microscope what are 3 things you must do.
- sample a THIN layer so light can pass through
- add an IODINE stain to provide contrast
- press on the slide slightly to remove any air bubbles
magnification definition
process of enlarging the appearance of an object using lenses or other tools, expressed as a ratio or factor of the object’s actual size.
resolution definition
Resolution is how clear or detailed something is
What is the purpose of a microscope in studying cells?
To magnify and visualize cells
What is a microscope slide made of?
Glass
what do animal cells and plant cells have in common?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
smaller
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria (REALEASES ENERGY)
what do plant cells have that animals cell don’t have?
- Sap vacuole
- chloroplast (only for plant cells above the ground surface)
Eukaryotic cells
a cell that contains their genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus
such as
Animal and plant cells
Prokaryotic cells
a cell that doesn’t have their genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus
they are much smaller than a Eukaryotic cells
such as
bacteria
features of bacteria cell
- cell wall (not made of cellulose)
- cell membrane
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
- Plasmids
- Circular DNA
sizes of plant, bacteria and animal cells
plant = 50 micrometre
bacteria = 5 micrometre
animal = 10 micrometre
how to remember?
5 X 10 = 50
B X A = P
micrometer
in animals what are cell division mainly for?
growth, repair, and reproduction of cells.
what are the 2 microscopes?
light and electron
advantages and disadvantages for electron microscopes
Advantages:
Very high resolution and magnification, allowing detailed views of small structures like organelles.
Can reveal ultrastructures not visible with light microscopes.
Disadvantages:
Expensive and requires specialized training.
Can only view dead specimens due to preparation techniques.
advantages and disadvantages for light microscopes
*Advantages:
* Relatively inexpensive and widely available.
* Simple to use and requires *minimal sample preparation.
* Can observe living cells and dynamic processes in real-time.
*Disadvantages:
* Lower resolution compared to electron microscopes, limiting the visibility of fine details.
* Cannot view extremely small structures like individual organelles.
sale and sized of cells and sub cellular structures.
millimetres - mm
micrometre - μm
nanometre - nm
mm and down is x1000
nanometre and up is /1000
millimetres being the biggest
1 micrometre is 1/1 mil of a meter
1 nanometre is 1/1 billion of a meter
cell cycle defenition
The cell cycle is the series of events that cells go through as they grow, replicate their DNA, and divide.
cell cycle stages
what does 1 order of magnitude longer/larger mean?
that they are 10x longer/ larger than…
every order of magnitude is 10x greater than the one before
so
1 order = 10x
2 order = 100x
3 order = 1000x
etc.
