cell biology

Question 1

what’s the calculation triangle for magnification?

Answer 1

I
AM

I - image size
A = actual size
M= magnification

Question 2

when wanting to view an onion peal under a microscope what are 3 things you must do.

Answer 2

• sample a THIN layer so light can pass through
• add an IODINE stain to provide contrast
• press on the slide slightly to remove any air bubbles

Question 3

magnification definition

Answer 3

process of enlarging the appearance of an object using lenses or other tools, expressed as a ratio or factor of the object’s actual size.

Question 4

resolution definition

Answer 4

Resolution is how clear or detailed something is

Question 5

What is the purpose of a microscope in studying cells?

Answer 5

To magnify and visualize cells

Question 6

What is a microscope slide made of?

Answer 6

Glass

Question 7

what do animal cells and plant cells have in common?

Answer 7

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane

smaller
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria (REALEASES ENERGY)

Question 8

what do plant cells have that animals cell don’t have?

Answer 8

• Sap vacuole
• chloroplast (only for plant cells above the ground surface)

Question 9

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 9

a cell that contains their genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus

such as
Animal and plant cells

Question 10

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 10

a cell that doesn’t have their genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus

they are much smaller than a Eukaryotic cells

such as
bacteria

Question 11

features of bacteria cell

Answer 11

• cell wall (not made of cellulose)
• cell membrane
• Ribosomes
• Cytoplasm
• Plasmids
• Circular DNA

Question 12

sizes of plant, bacteria and animal cells

Answer 12

plant = 50 micrometre
bacteria = 5 micrometre
animal = 10 micrometre

Question 13

in animals what are cell division mainly for?

Answer 13

growth, repair, and reproduction of cells.

Question 14

what are the 2 microscopes?

Answer 14

light and electron

Question 15

advantages and disadvantages for electron microscopes

Answer 15

Advantages:

Very high resolution and magnification, allowing detailed views of small structures like organelles.
Can reveal ultrastructures not visible with light microscopes.
Disadvantages:

Expensive and requires specialized training.
Can only view dead specimens due to preparation techniques.

Question 16

advantages and disadvantages for light microscopes

Answer 16

Advantages:

Relatively inexpensive and widely available.
Simple to use and requires minimal sample preparation.
Can observe living cells and dynamic processes in real-time.
Disadvantages:

Lower resolution compared to electron microscopes, limiting the visibility of fine details.
Cannot view extremely small structures like individual organelles.

Question 17

sale and sized of cells and sub cellular structures.

Answer 17

millimetres - mm
micrometre - μm
nanometre - nm

mm and down is x1000
nanometre and up is /1000

millimetres being the biggest

1 micrometre is 1/1 mil of a meter
1 nanometre is 1/1 billion of a meter

Question 18

cell cycle defenition

Answer 18

The cell cycle is the series of events that cells go through as they grow, replicate their DNA, and divide.

Question 19

cell cycle stages

Question 20

what does 1 order of magnitude longer/larger mean?

Answer 20

that they are 10x longer/ larger than…

every order of magnitude is 10x greater than the one before

so
1 order = 10x
2 order = 100x
3 order = 1000x
etc.