DNA basics

Question 1

What chemical are genes made from?

Answer 1

Genes are made from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
deoxi-rai-bon-nuclayic

Question 2

The entire genetic material of an organism is called its __________. What word completes the sentence?

Answer 2

genome
The entire genetic material of an organism is known as its genome.

Question 3

What is the name for the short section of a chromosome that controls our characteristics?

Answer 3

gene

Question 4

What was the name of the worldwide project that aimed to identify all the genes contained in human DNA?

Answer 4

human genome project

Question 5

True or false? Genes determine which proteins are made in a cell.

Answer 5

true

Proteins are encoded in genes. All the cells in an organism have the same genes, so they all have the genetic instructions for the same proteins. Obviously, different types of cells must use, or express, different genes to make different proteins.

Question 6

Genes are located in the nucleus of a cell. But which structures in a cell are they IN?

Answer 6

chromosomes

Genes are located in chromosomes. Chromosomes are composed of DNA and are found inside the nucleus of a cell.

Question 7

True or false? Chromosomes are larger than genes.

Answer 7

true

Chromosomes are long thread-like structures composed of DNA. Genes are small sections of DNA.

Question 8

What are both chromosomes and genes made from?

Answer 8

DNA
Both chromosomes and genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Question 9

What chemical are chromosomes made of?

Answer 9

DNA

Chromosomes are composed of a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Question 10

What name is given to the shape of a DNA molecule?

Answer 10

double helix

The DNA molecule is described as a double helix. It is formed of two strands twisted around each other.

Question 11

What name is given to the structures in the nucleus which contain the genetic information?

Answer 11

chromosomes

Genetic information is contained in chromosomes. These are long thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells.

Question 12

True or false? All proteins are enzymes.

Answer 12

False.
Not all proteins are enzymes, but all enzymes are proteins.

Question 13

True or false? Proteins are made from hormones.

Answer 13

False.
Proteins are not made from hormones. Hormones are made from proteins.

Question 14

What molecule determines the characteristics a child will inherit from its parents?

Answer 14

DNA

Question 15

What are the missing words? Each gene codes for a particular combination of __________ __________ which makes a specific protein

Answer 15

amino acid

Each gene codes for a particular combination of amino acids. Many amino acids join together to make large protein molecules. The sequence of amino acids determines the specific protein formed.

Question 16

What is a molecule made up of a specific number and sequence of amino acids folded into a specific shape known as?

Answer 16

protein

Each protein molecule is composed of a specific number and sequence of amino acids that are folded into a specific shape.

Question 17

In animal and plant cells, in which part of a cell are chromosomes found?

Answer 17

nucleus

Chromosomes are located in the nuclei of cells.

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

DNA is a polymer (a long molecule made of lots of repeated units).

DNA is made of 2 joined strands that twist around each other.

The shape it makes is called a double helix.