Nitorgen Snd Csrbin Cycle Flashcards
Why can’t plantd jus take up nitorgen I
Too unresvrive, so needs to be joined with other elementd to be taken up so oxygen or hydrogen
This is done by bacteria
How is nitrogen fixed into something more useblen
What bacteria does it and hown
Nitorgen is fixed into AMMONIA
This is done by badteria AZOBACTER and RHIZOBIUM , which contain ensyme nitirganse , which converts n2 and h2 to ammonia
Difference between asobacter and rhizobium
What is the relationship with rhizobium
AZOBACTER = free living soil bacterium thst do it
But Rhizobium = ones live in root nodules of legumes like peas beans clover, which do a SYMBIOTIC MUTUALISTIC RELATIONSHIP
2) this is plant gains ammonia , and rhizobium gains some csrbihdyrtsed from photo
Thid is calm
Summary
So basically rhizobium legume root nodules symbiotic , and azobacter just in soil converts n2 into NH3
Plant can use some of the ammonia too to make amino acid
How else is ammonia produced ?
Animals eat plants and get nitrogen from there
Plants and animals dead decompose by decomposered snd turn nitrogen content here into AMMONIA which turns into ammonium ions
Here also in faeces and urine waste contains ammonia too which sre turned into ammonium
THIS IS CALLED AMMONIFICSTION
Next ammonia to nitrate nitrite ?
Aerobic or anaerobic? (What lrocess going on)
Nitrification, where AMMONIA (ions) Converted to nitrite and then nitrate which can then be used by plants
Here as oxidisation going in, it has to be aerobic area
1) nitrifying bacteria like NITROSOMONAS converts by oxidisation ammonium compounds into nitrite ion
2) other nitrifying bacteria like NITROBACTER Oxidise nitrite to nitrate
Now nitrates ar
Why can plants use nitrates
Because they are highly soluble
What bad process happens however ?
Aerobic anerbovi
DENITRIFICSTION
ANEROBIC CONDITIOMS M like mud/ waterlogged soils
Denitrifying bacteria convert NITRATES INTO NITORGEN GAS AGAIN (does it for enegry ), and bad for cycle
How else can ammonia be converted from n2 naturally?
Lightinitn attacks and the Hager process
Okay so full nitorgen cycle
1) N2 in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia which forks products and ammonium ions. This is called nitorgen fixing
- done by bacteria, azobacter free living in soil does it , rhizobium living in root nidules of legumes do it for symbiotic relationship gaining some sugars (nitogrnase enxyme nitrogen and hydrogen )
- AMMONIFICATION DOES IT TOO, by converting organic dead matter in plants animals to ammonia by decomposers, but also waste to ammonia by decomposed which make ions eventually
- OR NATURALLY , lighting attacks allow chemically made ammonia and Hager process too
2) now nitrifcstiom happens where nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia ions and compounds into better sources
- nitrosomonas convert ammonia compound to nitrites oxidisation so aerated
- nitobacter convert nitrite into nitrate
£ now plant can use
However
3) denitrification takes place too, where anaerobic conditions water logged etc some bacteria convert nitrate into ammonia or all the way to nitrogen to
Plants use , make proteins and animals eat cycle continues
Why heee csbrknci
Component of all molecules like fats csrbihdyrsyed proteins etf
Okay how does carbon cycle work
Carbon dioxide in air is main source of carbon dioxide
1) it is converted to the ground by PHOTOSYNTHEISIS , converting into sugars containing it and then into other molecules
- RELEASED BACK BY RESPIRSTIOMN
2) passed to consumers by feeding
- RELEASED BACK BY RESPIRATIOMN
3) then when plant and animals die it gets decomposed into carbon dioxide
- DECOMPOSERS ALSO RELEASE BY RESPIRATIOM Z
4) If not decomposed it could become fossil fuels in oceans trapped etc over millions of years
- RELEASED BACK INTO STMOSPHERE BY CONBUSTION
Some other factors in which carbon varies ? (3)
Ocean rock volcano and weatherring
Rocks formed from decayed matter not decomposed tskedin csrbin
1) release from volcanoes which came from rocks thst had carbon
2) weathering of rocks thst trapped csrbin when they come to SURFSCE
3) carbon absorbed by ocean snd csn be released too
Why are there fluctuations in in carbon dioxide then?
Daily?
Seasonally?
Because ohotnonly happens in die removing but rrspirstionnslways including in the night, thus there are more co2 in the night
And seasonally more co2 in winter when less chance for photo to happen
How has co2 change over past 200 years and why
What does this do (global)
What does thst do making worde
Increases
1) industrial revolution burning of those mostly
2) deforestation continually no source to remove
This increase temp, which increase co2 that is released from ocean making ti worse
