6,4 Types Of Tissue Flashcards
What is stem cells, specialised and differntiaed?
Stem cells are cells that can differentiate to become socialised to perform a particular function and are unspecialised . As a result they can DIVIDE by mitosis to form more unscpeilised cells however once differentiated it can’t
How are ERYTHROCYTES specialised to carry out their job? (3)Function?
Function = carrying oxygen in the blood around the body
- flattened biconcave disc = increases SA:V which allows for efficient diffusion of oxygen
- has no nucleus or ANY OTHER ORGANELLES = more space to pack as much haemoglobin as possible
- flexible can fit through capillaries
How are neutrophils specialised to carry out their job + function (3)
Function = help defend body against disease in immune syste,
- unique MULTI LOBED NUCLEUS allows them to easily squeeze through small gaps to get to infections
- cytoplasm contains many lysosomes that contain enzymes which can attack pathogens
- flexible shape allows to engulf pathogens
How are sperm cells specialised + function (3) again
Function = to deliver genetic material of father to ovum)
- they have a flagellum allows them to move towards the egg
- have a lot of mitochondria which allows them to swim
- across me on the head if sperm contains digestive enzymes which digest the PROTECTIVE LAYERS of egg and allow sperm to fertilise
How are Palisade MESOPHYLL cells specialised + function (4, learn these)
Function = does most of photosynthesis
- contain a lot of chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis , to absorb light . These can MOVE to absorb maximum light!!!
- regular packed and rectangle shaped allows a lot of be closely packed, increasing overall amount
- THIN CELL WALLS, which lowers distance and increases rate of diffusion of carbon dioxide
- large vacuole to maintain turgor pressure
How are root hair cells adapted for their function ? (4)
Function = absorb water + ions from soil
- Long extensions called root hairs increase the SA:V which allows for efficient osmosis
- Higher SA:V also allows for better active transport of ions (more carrier proteins)
- Cytoplasm has MORE mitochondria for better active transport
- cell wells thin
How are guard cells adapted for function (2) (basically how do they function)
Function : allow controlled gas exchange for photosynthesis
- when water level is low and turgor pressure , they become LESS swollen and thus close , preventing any more water from evaporating and escaping the plant (prevents water loss)
- cell wall thicker on inside and thinner on outside means when turgid / not the cell changes shape in a way such that storage are opened or closed.
What are the 4 categories of tissue?
Nervous tissue ( for electrical impulses) Epithelial tissue (for covering body surfaces)(internal and external) Muscle tissue (for contraction ) Connective tissue (hold other tissue together / transport)
What is squamous epithelial tissue and what features
When is it needed
Where
- made up of specialised squamous cells
- very thin due to squat or flat cells that make it up
- also one cell thick
- due to flat its known as pavement
FUNCTION: present when rapid diffusion across a surface is needed
3) it lines lungs
Cilalted epithelial tissue features and function
Where (what else mucus goblet Cillia etc)
Where: lines trachea in mouth, stops particles to go to alveoli
- made up of ciliated epithelial cells which contain HAIR LIKE STRUCTURED aller cillia which moves in rhythmic fashion
- there is also GOBLET CELLS, which releases sticky mucus that traps any unwanted particles
- then the Cillia sweeps this mucus into the digestive system where destroyed
- this way it doesn’t go to the lungs and alveoli
Cartilage tissue
Function + where
Features (importsnt remember)
Connective tissue found in ear nose and between bones
Stops bones from rubbing and causing damage
- contains fibres of protein elastin and collagen
- flexible tissue made up of CHONDROCYTE CELLS embedded in an EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
Muscle tissue
Different types
Skeletal?
Different types of muscle fibres make it up : smooth (stomach wall lining), cardiac (only in heart ) and skeletal
- skeletal muscle fibres connects to the bone contain myofibrils which contain contractile proteins needed to contraction
- this has individual muscle fibres which are separated by connective tissue
Two type of tissue in plants?
Epidermis (covers plant surfaces) Vascular tissue (adapted for transport of water and nutrients )
Epidermis tissue for plants (prevents water loss )
- single layer of closely packed cells
- covered by waxy waterproof cuticle to reduce the loss of water
- stomata found here
Xylem tissue from
What structural elements does it have (how is structure msde what gives strength etc)
- responsible for transport of water and minerals in soil throughout plants
- consists of hollow xylem vessel cells which are dead , and these walls are strengthened by LIGNIN , giving ti structure and allowing water to go up easily
