End Of Year AS mistskes

Question 1

They want you to add unnecessary detail to question to get marks. If they ask how two polynucleotides held together what else will you say ?

Answer 1

That there are phophidedter bonds running between phosphate groups and hydoryle groups of nucleotides to mark sugar phosphate backbone

Question 2

Rhinos scattered you csnt day thst means low genetic bidovierdity

Answer 2

It is because they will have to INBREED . Explain answer fully

Question 3

Disadvantage of not having nucleus or anything else red blood cell?

Answer 3

Limited life span

• cannot undergo mitosis and reproduce
• no protein synthesis or repair
• no respiration

Question 4

Why do red blood cells don’t use oxygen ?

Answer 4

• it is bound to haemglobin ti make oxy
• don’t need to use it in any function to move for example
• don’t even have mitochondria to use it for respiration

Question 5

Why virus don’t use red blood cell but plasmodium do

Answer 5

Viruse need to take over genetic material like DNA to replicate as it is unable to do so outside of a cell, so as nuckeud has none it don’t use

Plasmodium used it to hide from white blood cells that produce antibodies , as theybare protected by blood cell antigen , also use as food

Question 6

Why does diffusion oxygen take place through fapllieires inky

Answer 6

Bevause others have too thick walls lit that’s it

Question 7

The Evidende of aphids, does it show translocation active?

Answer 7

No it just dhows it’s done by changes in pressure

Question 8

What evidence shows sugars transported from source to sink

Answer 8

1) a change in sugar content in leaves = chsnge in sieve tube
2) sugars can be transported up and down (as sources are in different places)
3) roots leaves etc import sugars = they all different sinks and show it goes from sources to sink !

APHID NOTHING

Question 9

Question asking to explain mass flow , what do you not have to do

Answer 9

EXPLAIN ACTIVE LOADING !, just say it happens

Question 10

How do goblet cells look like

Answer 10

They fat in between the cilia

Question 11

IMPORTANT , if value ABOVE 5% WHAT DO WE DO

Answer 11

in maths you would accept H0 so here YOU REJECT H0 there is a situativ ally significant difference and not due to chance

Question 12

When they say describe and explain a groan make sure ti what

Answer 12

identity the DIFFERENT FEATURES OF GRAPh , and decibel each and explain

Link ideas

Question 13

Two defining features of eukarya

Answer 13

80s chromsokes

Genetic information contained in a NUCLEUS

Membrane bound organelles like mitochondria ,
LINEAR not CIRCULAR DNA

Question 14

How scientists validate other work

Answer 14

Scientific conferences

PEER REVIEW before publication

Replication if work and experiments to see if same results obtained

Question 15

What does STANDARD DEVIATION shown

Answer 15

How spread/ variable data is from the mean

As small , they all not variabel and so experiment is very REPEATABLE

So basically SD measures repeatability !!

Question 16

IF THEY SAY EXPLAIN THEN DONT DESCRIBE BUT EXPKAIN THE GRAPH

Answer 16

as the enzyme cinc increases so does the rate of digestion, this is becasue (more collision chance of succeful complex and so more catakysstkons )

But then as it continue to increase rate plateaus why, because number of substrate is decreasing

As you increase the difference on days may be uncertain so might not be able to make this conclusion as ERROR BARS OVERLPAM

Question 17

What gives validation , repeatability , accuracy, precision.

Answer 17

Valid = controlling of all other  variables and ensuring test is correct
Precise = values that don’t vary 
Accurate = results real to true answer 

Repeatable is if ssme guy does it same results, reproducible is other guy does it same results

Relatability assessed by taking REPEATS

Question 18

What is adaptation that REDUCES WATER LOSS, read q carefully they reduce, not increase gain in water

Answer 18

All three reduce one is gain so thst one but apparently

• reflective hairs stop heat loss
• reduced to spines calm idk bout damage

Question 19

Why do you use student t test, spearman rank , chi squared, standard deviation

Answer 19

T test = this is just to COMPARE TWO SETS OF DATA
Spearman rank correlation coefficient = for correlations between one and the other ! (-1 to 1)
Chi squared= for grouped data compared to expected
Simpson biodiversity = measure biodiversity
Standard deviation = to see variable data

Question 20

If above 5% accept or reject

Answer 20

REJECT, in maths accept, so here reject

Question 21

What is correct method of transport of ions snd sucrose in active loading

Answer 21

H+ ions actively transported
Sucrose is facialited diffusion
And then it is DIFFUSION into cells= sieve tube element

Question 22

REMMEBER IN ACTIVE TRANSPORT THERE IS ALWAYS WHAT EVEN IF ISOTONIC

Answer 22

SOME MOVEMENT , NO NET MOVMEENT , BUT SOME MOVEMENT

Question 23

What property water also good for swimming snimals other than shc

Answer 23

Fact it is more dense than ice means a lot of animals FLOAT AS A RESULT

Good solvent so has OXYGEN IN IT

Question 24

Why does any reason if larger skin help don’t be dumb

Answer 24

Increase SA:V so better diffusion cmon man

Question 25

HOW TO ENSURE YOUNARE CONFIDENR WITH RESULTS , note this not saying valid which means control, this means confident = repeatability

Answer 25

• do many results
• calculate mean
• calculate standard deviation
• identify anomalies if there are

Question 26

Some chemistry but why does boiling point change when hydorgens less BIG ANSWER LEARN

Answer 26

Less Hydrogens means the thing is MORE unSATURATED, = a kink in the structure due to DOUBLE BOND = which means it csn’t Pack as close as it can normally pack so relative London forces are weaker and boiling point decreases , DONT MENTION SNY OTHER CHEM

More unsatruated= kink = can’t pack = less string bond = less boiling point

Question 27

Why is tissue clasifidedas tissue

Answer 27

Because it is a group of cells working together to do the SAME FUNCTION

Here it is storage

Question 28

What is in between xylem and phloem ?

Answer 28

It goes phloem CAMBIUM xylem , cambium tissue is what makes meristematic cells

Question 29

WHAT IS BIND BETWEEN phosphate group and any hydroxyl even if on same nucleotide called

Answer 29

Phophodiester

Question 30

Example of lag question leaf hair density

Answer 30

They asking you to use microcod here
So take a sample of underside of leaf, fix i on slide use microspheres to inspect and count number of hairs in an area
To do this use a graticule callinrate d

Then scale up baded on actual area to find total hairs per metre

Question 31

If they asking you tia Celt reject and give you values and say weak positive , what do you do

Answer 31

Have to just say they wring , even though technically there is a correlation it’s just due to chance and that’s the point you mention

Question 32

FOR SPEARMAN RANK REMEMBER HOW TO RANK?

Answer 32

see how they ranked first , if they did biggest as 10 or 1 follow same

If down to you just choose any

Question 33

Amylase vs Carbinic anhydrase cofactors and prosthetic !

Answer 33

Amylase = Cl- 
Carbonic = zn2+

Question 34

Why can’t osmosis happen if cell membrwne destroyed!

Answer 34

This because osmosis happens through a PARTIALLY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

So if there isn’t one lol it can’t happen

Question 35

Structure if xylem looking , what are small lines?

Answer 35

Kignifnued wall, vessel of dead cells and then little lines are BORDERED PITS man Said plasmodesmata

Question 36

How to do chromatography with a protein

Answer 36

1) use some sort of way ti break down into amino adids , so protease?
2) place on chromatography paper / plate
3) ensure it dried
4) put a pencil line first above and place the sample above the solvent so it doesn’t dissolve straight away and also pencil not affected
5) place in solvent like Butanol
6) and do the test

Main thing is digest and place you know how to do rest like pencil line enduresolvent and then try name so,e phases ?

Question 37

Structure of RER

Answer 37

Lit phospholipid bikayer forms cisternae with ribosomes and the membrane continued with the nuclear membrane .

Question 38

Role of. Membrwne on RER

Answer 38

Not that deep

• compartmentalisation. Allows it to set conditions for itself which is different to other organelles so it works optimumly
• protected from potential hydrolytic ensymes
• reactions may be incompatible with other
• holds the ribosomes lol easy
• basic CONTROLS WHAT GOES IN AND OUT

Question 39

Structure of DNA (3 YIU MISS THE THIRD POINT)

Answer 39

two strands of nucleotides where sugar phosphate backbone made by phosphodiester bonds , and complimentary base pairing occurs betwen AT and CG as specific amount of hydrogen bonds are made here, and here at is 2 ch is 3.

FINALLY THE STRANDS RUN ANTIPARALLEL TO EACH OTHER , WITH THE SENSE STRSND 5 TO 3 AND SNTI 3 TO 5 !!,

Question 40

Why ensymes useful to all organisms?

Answer 40

They speed up rate if reaction without being uses up themselves, offering an alternative reaction pathway requiring Lower activation energy , here this means reactions can happens t lower temoertasured , which would otherwise denature proteins and cause damage to the cell to reach the same metabolic demand

Bio catalyst

• rate react inc by lower act
• densture itherise