NICU

Question 1

What is the average gestation for a newborn baby?

Answer 1

Approximately 40 weeks

Question 2

How much does a full term baby weigh?

Answer 2

Average weight is around 5.5 to 8.8 pounds

Question 3

What percentage of pregnancy-related deaths in the U.S. are preventable?

Answer 3

More than 80%

Question 4

What percentage of pregnancy-related deaths occur up to one year after delivery?

Answer 4

53%

Question 5

What are the leading underlying causes of pregnancy-related death?

Answer 5

• Mental health conditions (23%)
• Excessive bleeding (14%)
• Cardiac and coronary conditions (13%)
• Infection (9%)
• Thrombotic embolism (9%)
• Cardiomyopathy (9%)
• Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (7%)

Question 6

What is the NICU?

Answer 6

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Question 7

What is the role of a neonatal therapist?

Answer 7

To modify the infant’s performance context and support participation in developmental tasks of infancy

Question 8

What percentage of all births are classified as preterm?

Answer 8

10%

Question 9

What is the survival rate for infants born <32 weeks?

Answer 9

85%

Question 10

What is the definition of low birth weight?

Answer 10

< 2,500 grams

Question 11

What is the definition of very low birth weight?

Answer 11

< 1,500 grams

Question 12

What is the definition of extremely low birth weight?

Answer 12

< 1,000 grams

Question 13

What is the impact of prematurity on developmental outcomes?

Answer 13

50% of preterm infants exhibit developmental delays in motor, cognitive, and behavioral domains

Question 14

What is the purpose of NIDCAP?

Answer 14

To decrease stress of infants and promote developmental care

Question 15

What is the primary focus of NICU therapy?

Answer 15

To maximize developmental outcomes, support infant mental health, and facilitate family interaction

Question 16

What are the states of arousal in infants?

Answer 16

• Deep Sleep
• Light Sleep
• Drowsy
• Quiet Alert
• Active Alert
• Crying

Question 17

What are the adverse effects of touch on infants?

Answer 17

• Hypoxia
• Bradycardia
• Sleep Disruptions
• Increased intracranial pressure

Question 18

What does the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) measure?

Answer 18

Functional motor development of infants between 34 weeks post-conception up to 4 months of age

Question 19

What is the significance of the Bayley-III assessment?

Answer 19

It predicts cognitive performance in preschool and early school years based on earlier assessments

Question 20

What are the short-term consequences of stress in infants?

Answer 20

Brain changes, loss of hippocampal matter, behavioral issues, and attention problems

Question 21

What is toxic stress?

Answer 21

Repeated and prolonged sympathetic nervous system response

Question 22

What is the benefit of prone positioning for infants?

Answer 22

Increased tidal volume and improved diaphragm function

Question 23

What is the benefit of supine positioning for infants?

Answer 23

Keeps the airway open and decreases deaths due to SIDS

Question 24

What are the clinical implications of mis-sharpened heads in infants?

Answer 24

• Delayed Development
• Impacts vision
• Can impact hearing

Question 25

What is the NICU level I?

Answer 25

Basic Neonatal Care

Question 26

What is the NICU level II?

Answer 26

Specialty Care Nurseries

Question 27

What does SIDS stand for?

Answer 27

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ## Footnote SIDS refers to the sudden and unexplained death of an infant, usually during sleep.

Question 28

What is the recommended position for infants to reduce SIDS risk?

Answer 28

Supine position ## Footnote Infants should be placed on their backs to sleep to decrease the risk of SIDS.

Question 29

What are the clinical implications of mis-sharpened heads in infants?

Answer 29

Can lead to delayed development and impacts vision and hearing ## Footnote Mis-sharpened heads can affect the infant's physical and sensory development.

Question 30

What is the positioning for side lying of an infant?

Answer 30

Head neutral, shoulders forward, elbows bent, hands to face/mouth, hips flexed, knees flexed & together, ankles flexed upward ## Footnote This position supports optimal development and comfort for the infant.

Question 31

What does ECMO stand for?

Answer 31

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ## Footnote ECMO provides temporary support for heart and lung function.

Question 32

What is the primary use of ECMO?

Answer 32

Support for patients with reversible cardiopulmonary failure ## Footnote It is used during acute respiratory or cardiac failure.

Question 33

What are the levels of NICU care?

Answer 33

Level I, Level II, Level III, Level IV ## Footnote These levels indicate the complexity and specialization of care available.

Question 34

What is the focus of PICU and PCICU?

Answer 34

Medical and surgical management of neonatal and pediatric congenital heart disease, acute respiratory failure, septic shock, and perioperative management ## Footnote These units provide intensive care for critically ill children.

Question 35

What is the significance of the CAP trial?

Answer 35

Revealed that caffeine reduces the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and severe retinopathy of prematurity ## Footnote Caffeine is now preferred over theophylline for treating apnea of prematurity.

Question 36

What does NAS stand for?

Answer 36

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ## Footnote NAS occurs in newborns exposed to addictive substances in utero.

Question 37

What are common substances that can lead to NAS?

Answer 37

* Cannabinoids * Opiates * Tobacco * Alcohol * Caffeine * Psychostimulants ## Footnote These substances can affect fetal development and lead to withdrawal symptoms at birth.

Question 38

Why is the estimation of gestational age important?

Answer 38

Neonatal evaluations change with maturation, and certain disorders are characteristic of premature infants ## Footnote The impact of insults like hypoxia-ischemia varies with gestational age.

Question 39

What is the recommended core temperature range for rewarming an infant after hypothermia treatment?

Answer 39

33.5 degrees C to 35 degrees C ## Footnote This temperature range is crucial for safe rewarming after brain cooling.

Question 40

What is the ACE score?

Answer 40

A tally of different types of abuse, neglect, and other hallmarks of a rough childhood ## Footnote Higher ACE scores are associated with increased risk for later health problems.

Question 41

What are some examples of questions from the ACE questionnaire?

Answer 41

* Did a parent or other adult in the household often push, grab, slap, or throw something at you? * Was a household member depressed or mentally ill or did a household member attempt suicide? * Did you often feel that you didn’t have enough to eat, had to wear dirty clothes, and had no one to protect you? ## Footnote These questions help assess the impact of adverse childhood experiences.

Question 42

What is an example of an innovation in neonatal care?

Answer 42

Smart mattress prototype by Nottingham Trent University ## Footnote Innovations aim to improve the comfort and care of neonatal patients.

Question 43

What social factors can affect parenting a premature infant?

Answer 43

* Low income * Lower education * Minority cultural backgrounds * Social risk factors ## Footnote These factors can influence the support and resources available to parents.

Question 44

What is the approach for PICU rehabilitation?

Answer 44

A bundled approach including sedation minimization and early mobilization ## Footnote This method is gaining acceptance for improving outcomes in critically ill children.