Cardiovascular Diagnosis with additional cardiovascular and pulmonary diagnosis

Question 1

Cardiovascular disease risk factors

Answer 1

• HTN
• smoking
• elevated serum total cholesterol
• elevated LDL
• decreased HDL
• physical inactivity
• family history
• diabetes
• stress
• personality factors of anger and hostility*
• obesity
• age

*blood pressure increases /increase in cortisol

Question 2

List some pulmonary risk factors

Answer 2

• smoking/tobacco use
• environmental/occupational exposures
• unhealthy diet
• physical inactivity
• allergens
• age
• heredity

Question 3

Explain how emphysema/bronchitis can cause R heart failure

Answer 3

• increase resistance in lungs/pulmonary HTN caused by emphysema/bronchitis
• overtime can cause lack of O2 which can cause vasoconstriction in order to shunt circulation to other areas of lungs with better O2

Question 4

How can HTN lead to valve disease

Answer 4

• can cause valve prolaspe or stenosis
• increased afterload

Question 5

How does left sided heart failure cause R sided heart failure

Answer 5

• left sided heart failure causes fluid back up causing the right side to work harder

Question 6

How does arterial insufficiency cause HTN

Answer 6

• unable to dialate arteries well and now the heart must work harder

Question 7

How does emphysema cause asthma

Answer 7

• Alveoli get bigger or disappear
• emphysema causes reactive bronchoconstriction causing asthma

Question 8

CHF and emphsema signs, symptoms, side effects

Answer 8

• barrel chest
• abdominal fat/muscle wasting
• ascitates
• diaphragm gets weakened

Question 9

CHF and emphysema: suspected areas of dysfuction

Answer 9

• impairments in body structure and function
• activity limitations and participation restrictions because anything that causes increased demand will start to cause issues

Question 10

considerations for patients with multiple cardiovascular and pulmonary disesases

Answer 10

• does patient or client present to you knowing both diagnoses
• does the patient understand the relationship beteen the diagnoses
• does patient know how to manage either diagnosis or both of them

Question 11

Symptoms of cardiovascular/pulmonary issues

Answer 11

• fatigue
• chest pain
• shoulder pain

Question 12

medications commonly used by patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders

Answer 12

• nitroglycerin
• BP meds
• pain med
• supplements

Question 13

Other considerations for examination and intervention for patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary dx

Answer 13

• BP: rest vs exercise
• HR: rest vs exercise
• last cigarette
• last meal
• recent weight gain/swelling
• muscle pain, cramps or weakness

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Question 14

Other questions and symptoms to consider with patients with cardiovascular/pulmonary dx

Answer 14

• rapid heart rate, palpitations, irregular heartbeat
• heartbeat felt in supine
• frequent heart burn
• short of breath with activities
• do you have a cough
• wake at night short of breath/sleep with more than 1 pillow
• cramps in legs while walking
• swollen feet/ankles in AM
• dizzy/fainting
• changes in urine
• difficulty with speech or chnages in vision
• weakness in face,arm or leg