New Stuff Flashcards
What kind of tissue makes up the middle of the digestive tract (stomach area)
Simple columnar
What is the role of accessory organs in the digestive system?
Produces digestive enzymes
What parts of the digestive system are retroperitoneal?
Duodenum, pancreas, parts of the small intestine
What type if tissue in the mouth helps resist stress but isn’t good for absorption?
Stratified squamous
What substance neutralizes stomach acidity when chyme enters the small intestine?
Sodium bicarbonate
What is the purpose of gastric rugae in the stomach?
Increases the stomach’s ability to expand
Where in the small intestine does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?
Jejunum
What plexus regulates motility?
Myenteric plexus
What is the significance of the hepatic portal system?
Delivers nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract to the liver
What type of tissue lines thr esophagus?
Stratified squamous
What area of the small intestine is used mainly for fat emulsification?
Duodenum
Basement membrane, podocytes and endothelial cells make up the _________
Glomerular filtration barrier
Epithelial tissue is the mouth/esophagus and why
Stratified squamous because of stress
Stomach tissue and why
Simple columnar because mucus secretion
Small and large intestine tissue and why?
Simple columnar with microvilli bc absorption and increased space
The ______ of the GI tract is made up of the epithelium, the lamina proparia and the muscularis mucosae
Mucosa
The ______ of the GI tract is made of connective tissue and the the submucosal plexus
Submucosa
The ______ of the GI tract is made up of smooth muscle layers and the myenteric plexus.
Muscularis externa
The _______ is made up of the serosa and the adventitia.
Serosa
What do the the portions of the GI tract all have in common in terms of layers?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
The ________ sphincter prevents the stomach contents, including acid from flowing back into the esophagus
Esophageal or lower esophageal or cardiac
The ______ sphincter controls the release of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum
Hepatopancreatic
The _______ sphincter regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine
Pyloric
The _______ stores and concentrates bile and is under the liver.
Gallbladder
What do lacteals do?
Absorb fats
Phases of ovulation
Follicular Phase - GnRH stimulates pituitary gland GI produce FSH
Ovulation - surge in LH
Luteal Phase - ruptured follicle turns to corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone, preparing for pregnancy
What do acini cells in the pancreas do?
Secrete lipase, amylase and protease
Why is the peristalsis in the large intestine?
Waste material propelled towards the rectum
What is the peristalsis in the esophagus?
Food is moved from the mouth to the stomach during swallowing
________ is a specialized part of the circulatory system that transports nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing before it enters the general circulation
Hepatic portal circulation
The ———— supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys
Renal artery
What supplies blood to the glomerulus?
Afferent arterioles
What carries blood away from the glomerulus?
Efferent arteriole
What helps with reabsorption of water and solutes back into the blood?
Peritubular capillaries
The bowman’s capsule, glomerulus, pct, loop of henle, Duct and collecting duct make up the ————
Nephron
——— cells produce testosterone
Leydig
——- cells support spermatogenesis and secrete inhibin
Sertoli/nurse
The ——- layer of the uterine lining acts a protective layer and lubricates
Perimetrium
